Julius Caesar :: essays research papers

Julius Caesar was born on the thirteenth day of the month Quintilis in the year of 100 BC. His full name was Gaius Julius Caesar, the same as his novices. Gaius was his given name and Julius was his surname. He was a strong political and military leader who changed the history of the Greco-Roman world. This paper will answer the following questions What happened during his ahead of time political career? How did he become a strong dictator of the Roman Empire? What events led up to the making of the first triumvirate? What happened during his reign as dictator of Rome? What events led up to his assassination? Julius Caesar is probably the most famous leader in history. (Grant, table of dates p.1, and foreword p.xxi)When he was young, Caesar lived through iodin of the worst decades in the history of Rome. The city was assaulted and captured by Roman armies twice. First, in eighty-seven BC by the leaders of the populares. (Caesars aunt and uncle, Marius and Cinna.) Cinna was killed the year that Caesar conjoin Cornelia. The second attack against the city happened in eighty-two BC. Marius enemy Sulla, leader of the optimates, carried out the attack. On each occasion the massacre of political opponents was followed by the arrogation of their property. (Fowler, p.24)Caesar knew that his public speaking needed improvement, he therefore announced that he was leaving to study on the island of Rhodes. His professor was the famous Greek rhetorician, Apollonius Molon. When he was remove the coast of Anatolia pirates kidnapped him. They demanded a large ransom for his return. Caesar broke free from the pirates and captured a large number of them. He then returned to Rome to engage in a normal political career. (Grant, p.9-11)In the Roman political world Pompey and Crassus challenged the dominance of the optimates. Quintus Latatius Catulus and Lucius Licinius Lucullus led the optimates. Sulla was responsible for creating their careers. Caesar married Pompeia after Co rnelias death. Then, in sixty-five BC he was appointed aedile. The aedile was in charge of the programs of the city such as games, spectacles, and shows. As aedile, Caesar gained claim to the leadership of the populares. (Grant, p.12)Before leaving Rome to govern Spain for a year, Caesar disassociate his wife because of an allegation that she had been involved in the offense of Publis Clodius. Clodius was awaiting trial for breaking into Caesars home the previous December.

Eminem :: essays papers

Eminem In like Eminem distinguishs, why all the fuss? featured in The Age diary keeper Shaun Carney defends Eminem and his lyrics. Carny stresses that Eminem winning the category should not be so controversial when Mathers is clearly depicting a role. His contention through out the article is to convince the reader to refrain from reaching to eminem, as a parody. Carny effectively seeks the neutral role during the story. He leans neither way. Carny signifies specific word choice and language devices to shock his hearing and to create an underlying sense of non-prejudice, realistic hear on society perhaps to open up the views of a small-minded prejudice race. Carnys publicise is very striking it creates tension and almost gives a sense of obligation to the audience to read on. Carneys headline is used as a device to ictus the readers immediate attention. This foreshadows the final remark made by Carny, so much for scandal, now leaving the reader with a question , a paral lel between start and finish tightly constructing the article. This clever technique leaves the reader open handed and open-minded to think about the actual topic of the article. Though Carnys contention through-out the article is to suggest Eminem is Just Joking, he is not all, scargond of presenting Marshall as not so nice explaining him as a 28 year old production of a peripatetic white-trash upbrining. Then contradicting himself saying Mathers all wounded and victimised by his sole-parent upbrining . Is this not a lithe use of sarcasm? putting himself in the biased head of an out reaged parent. Carney conveys his opinion in a very structured way. He uses Eminem song lyrics to plant that he is a role player and only joking, Im just playin ladies. You know I love you. Carney uses other examples to reassure people say the situations he raps about are just clownin. Although readers may not realise, Carney these more realistic, human-like comments as a source of evidence to ba ck up his contention that eminem are not real, Marshall Mathers is an actor playing a role, ultimately just doing his job.Carneys clever style of writing indicates a strong point of view defending Eminem , but his style of writing has allowed the reader to make their own decision, giving a fair balance between good and bad. Eminem deals in roughly very sick stuff, no doubt about it, but again goes on to say, Eminem is a skillfull storyteller and role player.

News Events in Television History :: essays papers

News Events in Television HistoryNews Events in the History of TV In chronicling the past 50 years of telly, the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences includes many clips from historical events that were carried on television. Including these news events is appropriate to the history of television because the orgasm of this technology brought the nation and world together in times of tragedy and joy via the global village created by this spiritualist. The events that changed our world also changed the world of television. It can be argued that it is non necessary to include world events when discussing the history of television, simply because they were not created for television, precisely television created programming to include it, but this is a narrow-minded view of the medium that is television. The fact that the entire world was able to be brought together and be educated ab out(a) world news at the same time was a revolutionary thing. Rather than television cha nging the course of human events, human events changed the direction in which television programming was headed. Prior to television, people found out about happenings through word of mouth, or newspapers at best. This new media source brought a sense of immediacy to current events. The inclusion of the assassination of John F. Kennedy in the montage from the Emmy awards shows a critical turning point in television news. Prior to this event, news on television was not as important to citizens because slide fastener so monumental had been broadcast that affected as many people. This changed the basis of television news from small, local, everyday events, to coverage of worldwide occurrences that had a deep stir on everyone. Some may argue that these news events should not have been included in such(prenominal) a short montage of the history of television. Clips from such events as the Vietnam War and the crash of the space shuttle Challenger were not part of television. They were part of the military history and NASA, respectively. Simply because they were broadcast on television does not make them part of television history. Television began as an entertainment medium, and continues to entertain as a primary function. The broadcast of news events is part of television, but should not be considered so important as to be included in such a compact history.

America Needs Gay and Lesbian Marriage :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Same-sex marriage--why is it even an issue ? To put it into perspective, 10% of the American population is homosexual, meaning this is not just a minor issue (Harbinger 681). Also, with our society making significant strides toward equality in recent decades both in gender and racial issues, one has to think about sexual equality. I will explain to the reader why we should legalize homophile marriage, particularly in terms of evaluator and the benefits society reaps from same-sex marriage. Also, the ramifications of the legalization of gay marriage, both for gays and society, will be examined. Finally, I will refute arguments against same-sex marriage. Society benefits by having fewer closet gays. Closet gays ar homosexuals who try to abide by societys standards, and marry a partner of the opposite sex (Harbinger 683). However, due to the different sexual orientations of the two partners, problems often occur, causing mad harm tocloset gays, their partne rs, and their children (Harbinger 683). If gay marriage were legal, homosexuality would be legitimate. Thus, the number of closet gays would decrease, as acceptance of their sexual orientation increases.In short, society would be spared a lot of trouble--the breakup of a family or dissatisfaction with ones life, especially of the homosexual partner, as she or he tries to comply with societys standards. Same-sex marriage is just in that it provides gay couples with the same counterbalances as heterosexual couples. Only marriage binds a couple in the eyes of the law (Let Them Wed 13). It enables partners to make life-or-death decisions, gives them the proper(ip) to inheritance, medical benefits, and jurisprudence, among others (Let Them Wed 13). As in heterosexual relationships, homosexual partners are the significant other of one another. Unlike heterosexual couples, however, they are denied the right to marriage and all the benefits that go with it. Gay marriages also provide sufficient reasons for society to promote them. They at least fulfill two of the most strategic reasons for marriage the domestication of men and the provision of a reliable care giver (Rauch 22). Civilizing men is one of societys biggest problems (Rauch 22).

The Taino and the Spanish Essay -- History Spanish Historical Papers

The Taino and the SpanishCristbal Coln landed on an unknown island in the Caribbean on October 10, 1492. He planted banners in the rim claiming the land for the Spanish throne. Colns perceptions and interactions with the indigenous people, the Taino, sparked the events that lead to the colonization of the Americas. Colns perceptions of the Taino were misinterpreted by him. His misconceptions about the Taino were built from a compilation of his own expectations, readings of other explorers, and strong religious influence in Western Europe. The Taino also misunderstood the Spanish as well. Their false beliefs about the Spanish were driven by their religious beliefs as well as their mythology. Through misunderstandings backed by the religions, physical appearances, and the histories of both the Taino and the Spanish, the Taino believed that the Spanish were god-like figures that fell from the sky, while the Taino were sensed by the Spanish as simplistic, uncultured natives, that would be easily converted to Christianity and used as servants (Wilson, Hispanola p. 48-49).1 To better comprehend these events one must look at the preceeding events in both the lives of the Taino and The Spanish. Before the time of Cristbal Coln, Spain had recently had several encounters with colonization. They had taken over the kingdom of Granada and the Canary Islands. These colonizations gave Spain their model for subsequent colonizations. The dominance of Christianity in the colonizations was quite evident. Religious unity was believed to be required for social order and was a premise for the exercise of power (Quesada, Implicit Understanding p. 97-107).2 This relates to the Taino in that the Spanish believed the Taino would be c... ... encountered the Taino is dependent upon the understanding the religious and historical backgrounds of both. One must understand that the mythology of the Taino, the expectations of the Spanish, and the appearances of both played a major role in th e reactions of these dickens cultures when they collided. Works CitedColn, Cristobal. The Diario of Cristbal Colns Voyage to America, Transcription and Translation Oliver Dunn and James E. Kelley Jr. de Las Casas, Bartolom. The Devastation of the Indies A Brief Account. Translation, Briffault, Herma, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London 1992. Quesada, Miguel. Miguel Quesada, Spain 1492 fond values and structures, Stuart Schwartz, ed. Implicit Understandings, Cambridge University Press. The Mission. Directed by Joff, Roland. Written Credits, Bolt, Robert. Genre, Drama. 1986.

The Taino and the Spanish Essay -- History Spanish Historical Papers

The Taino and the SpanishCristbal crackn landed on an unnamed island in the Caribbean on October 10, 1492. He planted banners in the beach claiming the land for the Spanish throne. Colns perceptions and interactions with the indigenous people, the Taino, sparked the events that lead to the colonization of the Americas. Colns perceptions of the Taino were misinterpreted by him. His misconceptions about the Taino were built from a compilation of his own expectations, readings of other explorers, and strong religious influence in Western Europe. The Taino also misunderstood the Spanish as well. Their false beliefs about the Spanish were driven by their religious beliefs as well as their mythology. Through misunderstandings backed by the religions, physical appearances, and the histories of some(prenominal) the Taino and the Spanish, the Taino believed that the Spanish were god-like figures that fell from the sky, while the Taino were perceived by the Spanish as simplistic, unculture d natives, that would be easily converted to Christianity and used as servants (Wilson, Hispanola p. 48-49).1 To better comprehend these events one must look at the preceeding events in both the lives of the Taino and The Spanish. Before the time of Cristbal Coln, Spain had recently had several encounters with colonization. They had taken over the kingdom of Granada and the Canary Islands. These colonizations gave Spain their model for subsequent colonizations. The dominance of Christianity in the colonizations was quite evident. Religious unity was believed to be required for social order and was a bring out for the exercise of power (Quesada, Implicit Understanding p. 97-107).2 This relates to the Taino in that the Spanish believed the Taino would be c... ... encountered the Taino is dependent upon the understanding the religious and historical backgrounds of both. One must understand that the mythology of the Taino, the expectations of the Spanish, and the appearances of both played a major role in the reactions of these two cultures when they collided. Works CitedColn, Cristobal. The Diario of Cristbal Colns Voyage to America, Transcription and Translation Oliver Dunn and throng E. Kelley Jr. de Las Casas, Bartolom. The Devastation of the Indies A Brief Account. Translation, Briffault, Herma, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London 1992. Quesada, Miguel. Miguel Quesada, Spain 1492 Social values and structures, Stuart Schwartz, ed. Implicit Understandings, Cambridge University Press. The Mission. Directed by Joff, Roland. Written Credits, Bolt, Robert. Genre, Drama. 1986.

Platforms of Different Party Systems Essay

The Libertarian Plat defecate, as presented by the Libertarian National Committee, Inc. placed a spunky value on the individual immunity and restricts possible limitations that the government or both authoritarian power might inflict. The sovereignty lies upon the individual and not in the government meaning the individual has a complete control of their lives. Freedom is defined as not being subjected or forced to do something by anyone else. It is further supplemented that the government exist to protect and respect the individuals freedom and individual rights.The three basic individual rights that libertarians aim to uphold are the right to life, the right to liberty of speech and save and the right to property. The course of study further discussed that Libertarians oppose all interference of the government in the areas of voluntary and contractual relations between individuals Furthermore, the government reserves no right to force individuals to do sacrifices to benefit o ther people. The curriculum besides highlighted that the Libertarian supports free flip and free market.In a more detailed discussion of Individual Rights, Personal Liberty is defined under the consideration that individual freedom requires the individual to accept any possible consequence that may result to his execution of such freedom. To this end, the Libertarians support the proliferation of full freedom of expression and communication, individual(prenominal) privacy, personal relationships (whatever gender or relationship a person may want to engage in), and abortion. It also supports to recompense the victim to the fullest extent that is achievable at the cost of the criminal and against any possible cutback of legal safeguards of the acc used.The Libertarian party upholds the common-law right of the juries to protagonist or guide them in their judgment, not clean of the facts alone, but also justice of law. In terms of Economic liberty, Libertarians oppose any form of redistribution of wealth or control of trade by the government and its representative/s. In specific details, concerning property rights and contractsthe individual may engage and may do anything that he/she wants with and/or within his/her property provided that his/her action/s will not infringe the rights of other people.The Libertarian Party Platform also mentioned that the Libertarians oppose possible violations of liberty of contract, right to private property as well as freedom to trade (not to trade). Concerning the environment, Libertarians explained in their platform their belief that the free markets and property rights motivate and encourages individuals and companies as well to protect the environment. Government- the Libertarian claims holds no responsibility for the damage done to the environment.Also, Government according to the Libertarian platform should not subsidize energy thus government shall have no control on the pricing and regulation of energy and its sourc es. Another issue under Economic Liberty deals with Government finance and spending. The platform stated that the party ought to call for a repeal of the Income tax and that the Libertarians support the Balanced Budget Amendment which will cut on governmental expenditures instead of collecting taxes. The Libertarians are also not in favor of incurring debts under the assumption that this will burden the future generation.Other Economic concerns deals with free-market banking, opposing government subsidies to businesses, promotion of employment by repealing laws that peradventure impede employment and oppose other governmental interference in the labor market, non-interference in the children education, re-establishing a free market health-care system and private-voluntary retirement system. In terms of issues surrounding the Security of Liberty, the Libertarian Platform highlights that providing security shall be the only purpose of the government.In regards to National Defense, th e Libertarian platform mentioned that they will support sufficient force that shall be able to defend the country from aggressor/s nonetheless, they do not intend to promote or to continue any form of compulsory national service. In line with the priority of individual tights, the platform described that intelligence agency should be transparent and open to domain scrutiny. The libertarians are also against foreign intervention policies specifically providing any military and economic aid/s. Also the platform mentioned that Libertarians are against bigotry and/or any form/s of discrimination.The Libertarians also promotes a more representative form of government to encourage people from all walks of life to participate in the government. Lastly, the platform mentioned self-determination which shall support the people if they want to replace the current government with another which shall further protect the peoples liberty. The egalitarian Party The Democratic Party Platform is pushing towards the concept of unity in diversity with the primary goal of the people and their way of life while helping to form a more peaceful, more prosperous, safer and more democratic world.The platform includes security policies that are focused on military and supporting national freedom. The platform also includes several criticisms about the Bush administration and the use of force instead of diplomacy in most situations. The democratic platform also encourages that weapons of mass ending shall be eliminated since it is a threat to the country. The Democratic Party believes that the promotion of democracy, the rule of law and human rights are all vital to the countrys semipermanent security.The Democrats according to their platform in 2004 would like to uphold an international standard for treatments of Prisoners specifying that torture is unacceptable. The democratic platform also talked about Iraqs military and political situation, Africas health and human rights issue s, Europe nations as the Statess Atlantic allies, Asias economy and support, securing Israel in the Middle East, help in establishing and/or maintaining peace in Northern Ireland, cooperating with Russia in terms of proliferation of democracy, rule of law and human rights, reinforcement of democratic values to the Latin America and the Caribbean.The Democratic Party would like to address with the global health issues which the democrats believed to be a humanitarian obligation and a national security imperative. The platform also mentioned the promotion of international economic development as an imperative which shall spread peace across the globe. Another focus of the platform is the alter of the military by expanding active duty personnel with an approximate of more or less 40,000 new soldiers.Another proposed strategy was the creation of the New be Force which will be a group of Special Forces that has double capacity than before. Then the democratic platform also suggests the creation of 21st carbon weapons which will use the modern-day technology. There is also a mention of the best possible training for soldiers, enactment of Military Family Bill of Rights and better use of national guards.Other focus of the platform includes independence in Energy resources by decision a way to create renewable energy, building energy-efficient vehicles, finding other alternatives of producing electricity, moving beyond OPEC, cutting energy used by the federal government and promoting conservation among others. The platform also vows to create more broad(a) jobs, supporting the middle class, reforming health care system, improving education by making college more affordable and protecting the environment through acts and government programs.

Locke and Hobbes: Cause of Religious Toleration

Locke and Hobbes Ca usance of Religious Toleration Kevin Kang Professor Bartlett Section Leader Alexander Duff Historically, Lockes treat work forcet of credence was single riddled with sacred change, religious turmoil, and political changes that were shaped largely by religious tensions. This was a time when piety, specifically the Christian church building, became fractioned and led to general warfargon and death in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Lockes Letter on Toleration promoted separation of church and state, arguing that each institution has legitimacy and motive in certain argonas.The state exists to protect stacks interests, and toilet use force to protect these interests. However, the state will not be fitting to coerce its people to accept in a certain religion. In Leviathan, Hobbes provides ideas that support Lockes toleration of religion. Hobbes belief in the state of nature, state of war, and concordats helps to tonality a clearer picture of a wor ld without religious intoleration. Lockes plea for tolerations is one of religious toleration in general but more specifically toleration among Christians.Locke speaks out against Christians whom deprive (men) of their estates, maim them with corporal punishments, starve and torment them in noisome prisons, and in the end even take away their lives(Letter p. 24). This fictional character of intolerance is itself intolerable because it violates many mandates that should characterize a veritable Christian. The mandates of charity and meekness are violated, and those who have committed these aggressive and violent actions against others are in themselves hypocritical. These people are usually careless about their own virtues, imposing on others something they dont practice.According to Locke, instead of spirit into others moral salvation, they should practice looking into their own moral salvations as well as the salvations of family and friends. These same people are spending time and effort on trivial things like dogmatic matters and ceremonial preferences. Locke urges that one should not worry so much about matters that, on the surface are nice and intricate, but exceed(s) the capacity of ordinary understandings(Letter p. 24). preferably of wasting time on these futile activities, one should actively try to better oneself.Separation of church and state is an master(prenominal) premise that buttresses his argument throughout the letter. It is a separation of complaisant versus religious authority and who has male monarch of what domain. Locke argues that civil g all overnment has certain responsibilities for its citizens, which include preserving and advancing the civil interests, well-being and life of its citizens. Locke defines the one who wields civil authority as a magistrate and it is the magistrate who is enjoined to tolerate any religious doctrine, provided that these doctrines do not violate rights or disrupt the peace.Locke is intolerable of vi olations of rights of citizens and crime, or anything that disrupts the peace. Individuals do not have the violence and position to respond and punish the criminals. That task is left to the magistrate. The magistrate has the ability to enforce laws through force but his coercive power moldiness be kept out of religious matters, in so long as the religious matters do not hinder citizens rights and their peace. Locke believes that in religious matters, true belief in a religion requires more then the coercive power to make one believe.He argues if people are forced to believe in a religion against their will, it will not be as strong and effective unless the person consciously makes his own effort to believe. The ability for the magistrate to impose its power on its people is something Hobbes believes is a requirement and duty of a civil government. Men have an inclination towards peace, which is why men build commonwealths. Men motive to get out of this state of war in favor of p eace. Therefore, men come together in a commonwealth to make a covenant with every other man to establish peace and order.This sovereign now has the authority to enforce civil laws. This is a necessity because men by themselves cannot outwardly judge conflicts and will be naturally inclined to certain biases. By agreeing to this covenant, the people bestow upon a man or group of men power over sovereign. This covenant also holds responsibility for the people because they are the ones who gave power to the magistrate. To actually ensure peace, Hobbes says that a sovereign of this power is necessary.The question of the individuals coercive power is other argument in favor of religious toleration. No private Person has any Right, in any manner, to prejudice other Person in his Civil Enjoyments, because he is of another Church or Religion (Letter p. 31). Tolerance brings about respect for the autonomy of the other. Since religious beliefs are freely chosen, there is no room for coerc ion to be a useful end because coercion and freedom cannot coexist in religious matters. Skepticism is another way religious believers can tolerate others holding different religions. both religious person moldiness tolerate one another because it would be foolish to believe that one person can have all the truths to the world. Similarly, Hobbes supports this argument through the state of nature. Having the freedom to choose ones religion is from the fact that individually, we are all peer. Hobbes believes that people are equal in strength of body and manifest of mind. There are differences, obviously, but Hobbes argues that these differences do not amount to much. We are fundamentally equal because we all have the ability to kill one another, whether it is through force or deceit.This constant threat of war between man and man is an important reason why men try to constantly seek peace. This state of nature provides us the liberty to our own self-governing because in the state of nature, there is no authority over man. Since man has no authority over him in the state of nature, naturally it would mean that man has no authority over another man. However, Hobbes continues that this natural condition of mankind is decidedly undesirable and should be avoided. From the natural state of man the desire for a stable government arises.Men are naturally equal but Hobbes believes self-preservation can only be had by constantly trying to acquire new property, or power. Power is the mans means to some future good and the acquisition of more power is a constant cycle. Concerning the question of religious power, religious authorities also do not have the power for any coercive actions. Since religious authorities do not have the power to change someone who is not willing, they must(prenominal) respect and tolerate other religious churches or societies, even if there is disagreement with certain doctrines.Lockes reasoning for the toleration of other churches stems from the belief of orthodoxy of the church. Every church believes that it is the Orthodox Church but Locke argues that people can never know which is the true Orthodox Church. However, he goes on to say that the true Church is the one that practices the idea of toleration. Despite Lockes adamant stance on toleration, Locke does discuss certain beliefs that should not be tolerated. Locke specifically targets atheism because he believes that men should enter into some religious society because God should be publically worshipped.To Locke, atheists are the weak bones to a society because covenants and promises have no power over atheists. This causes problems within society because covenants and promises are the bonds of human society. Similarly, Locke also considers Catholics intolerable because of the political threat they represent. Catholics pledge allegiance to a remote king. Locke views this as a problem because it brings into question who the Catholic pledges his loyalty to, the foreig n king or his homeland king. Locke says that a person should be under the just king and not a foreign king.This means that any foreign jurisdiction in ones country and any influence from the Vatican recount is not acceptable. Locke also mentions odd religious practices, such(prenominal) as human sacrifice, as intolerable. The magistrate should make a conscious effort to not tolerate such practices because it could hurt society as a whole. Just because something is a religious matter should not dictate the legality of the practice. Hobbes would probably agree that atheists would not be tolerable under the condition that covenants and promises are not kept because they hold no power over atheists.Hobbes First Law of Nature is that human beings unceasingly seek a state of peace because it is the most advantageous to their survival. The Second Law of Nature is the creation of covenants. In Hobbess mind, the ideal covenant would be a leviathan government that would make and regulate l aws very effectively. The Third Law of Nature is derived from the second, which states that it is necessary for men to perform their covenants. From these three laws, as stated earlier, men create a commonwealth to ensure peace. If covenants hold no power over atheists, the commonwealth and essentially peace is destroyed.Hobbes is adamant that to fortify this social submit, the members of the contract need steps to prevent others from breaching it. The Third Law of Nature creates a society where peace is established, but if a citizen is not held under contract, the political disruptions are more likely to occur. Lockes primary rationale for toleration in the individual is the self-governing of the other. In Christina writing, loving ones neighbors is a key element in a Christians salvation. Locke emphasizes that one should only care for ones own salvation rather than worrying about his neighbors or others religious teachings.By practicing toleration, one must ignore the content and be satisfied with the fact that the other has reached his conclusion autonomously. Before worrying about someone else, Locke urges that one must focus on ones own salvation because there are many instances where hypocrisy can rise by imposing ones beliefs. However, there are instances where non-intervention can be unjust because some matters are so offensive, it would be unjust to let it slide. Matters where injury or death can occur are justifiable for others to intervene.Even though this Lockean autonomy works most of the time, there are times where it would not. Lockes reasoning for writing this letter, on the surface, seems to be from a religious perspective. However, a careful reading of the letter suggests that Locke is not interested in religious doctrines or practices. Locke finds that the religious differences are too insignificant for discussion. Although it is a letter concerning toleration of religion, this toleration is meant to benefit from a political standpoint. Rea ding the document with this point of view shows that Locke was writing it exclusively political in nature.Even though there was widespread religious violence and opposing opinions during the time Locke wrote the letter, it was a way for Locke to talk about the politics of society. This document was on religious toleration only because Locke viewed religion as having potential for civil disruption. This letter is a way for Locke to say what he believed was the means for maintaining peace and stability. To maintain peace and stability in a society requires sovereignty. The sovereign has the power and authority to govern its principality.Because it has the power to govern, it also gives the sovereign the right to use coercion. This does not give the right to religious institutions to use coercion because it has historically not worked in favor of the religion. The separation of church and state is therefore a way that Locke foresees peace in sovereign. Peace in sovereign is an importan t aspect to Hobbess Leviathan perspective because he views peace as the main reason we create societies. Religious toleration is therefore a tool that both Locke and Hobbes would advocate because it creates peace and unity in a sovereign.

Working Paper

The term module blind drunks that the headingnaire back end be employ as part of a larger Research experience has shown that the answers to the 24 content questions atomic frame 18 influenced by the nationality of the respondents. This is non to say that every respondent of nationality A gives bingle answer and everyone of a nationality B another, but one can expect systematic leavings among the average answers from a sample with nationality A and a comparable sample from nationality B (in statistical terms, an analysis of variance on the answer nominate shows a significant country effect).As the relationship is statistical, the samples per country should be of sufficient coat. An ideal size for a homogeneous sample is 50 respondents. Sample sizes weensyer than 20 should not be used, as outlying answers by single respondents will unduly presume the results. If samples ar heterogeneous (composed of unequal sub-samples) these numbers apply to the sub-samples. Next to n ationality, answers to the 24 content questions will besides reflect other characteristics of the respondents, such as their gender, age, aim of education, occupation, kind of work and the point in time when they answered the questions.Therefore comparisons of countries should be based on samples of respondents who re matched on all criteria other than nationality that could systematically be active the answers. The content questions attributed to a proportionality were selected because in comparisons of matched samples from ten or more countries, the take to be country tons on the cardinal questions belonging to the same proportion usually vary together (if one is high, the other is high, or low if it is a reversely formulated question if one is low, the other is low, etc. ). In statistical terms, the mean country scores be significantly correlated.The mean country scores on questions belonging to different emissions usually do not vary together (are uncorrelated). Therefo re, the 24 questions form 6 clusters of 4 questions each. As mentioned above, the dimensions measured by the VS.. Are based on country- level correlations, betwixt mean scores of country samples. For the same two questions, country-level correlations can be very different from individual-level correlations, between the answers by the individuals within the country samples (for a clear description see e. G. Klein, Danseuses & Hall, 1994).Individual-level correlations produce dimensions of personality country-level correlations produce emissions of national refinement. For research results rough the relationship between personality and culture see Hefted & McCrae (2004). The study of national culture dimensions belongs to anthropology, the study of individual personality belongs to psychology. The first is to the second as studying forests is to studying trees. Forests cannot be describe with the same dimensions as trees, nor can they be unsounded as bunches of trees.What should be added to the animals, organisms and climate factors, together described by the term epitome. In reverse, trees cannot be described with the same dimensions as forests. At best one can ask in what kind of forest this tree would be most likely found, and how well it would do there. A common misunderstanding about dimensions of national culture is that they are personality types. People want to score themselves on a dimension, or worse, try to score someone else. This is called stereotyping, which is not what the dimensions are for.They do not refer to individuals, but to national societies. What a person can do is find out how the jimmys prevailing in his or her national family differ from those in another caller. As an individual, a person can express how he or she feels about the values in a particular national society, but that would still be a function of his/her personality and not necessarily show his or her national culture. Because of this, the VS.. 2013 cannot be scored at the individual level. It is not a psychological mental testing.The tendency to ask for individual scoring of the VS.. Is stronger in some national cultures than in others. Especially in very individualist cultures, the request for individual scoring is frequent the construct of my society (a forest) is weaker that the concept of me myself (a tree). The VS.. Should only be used by researchers who subscribe to the concept of a society differing from other societies. The six dimensions on which the VS.. 2013 is based were found in research across more than 40 countries.In a research externalize across 20 different organizations within the same two countries, answers to the questions that made up the cross-national dimensions did not correlate in the same way (Hefted, Enquire, Omaha & Sanders, 1990 and Hefted, Hefted & Moving, 2010 341-368). So the cross-national dimensions do not apply to organisational (or corporate) cultures. The answers to the VS.. Questions (dealing with valu es and sentiments) varied less across organizations within a country than across countries.Instead, organizational cultures differed primarily on the undercoat of perceptions of practices, and the organizations in the study could be compared on six dimensions of perceived practices. While the study of national culture dimensions belongs to anthropology and the study of individual personality belongs to psychology, the study of organizational cultures belongs to sociology. The dimensions of perceived practices in the Hefted et al. 1990) study relate to known distinctions from organizational sociology. A similar concern prohibits the use of the VS.. Dimensions for analyse occupations (Hefted, Hefted & Moving, 2010 368-369).In some cases, VS.. Dimension scores can be meaningfully computed and compared for the genders (female versus male) and for successive generations (grandparents country or across countries, but in this case we recommend extending the questionnaire with locally rel evant items (Hefted, Garibaldi, Melville, Tenure & evokes, 2010). 4. VS.. 2013 scores are not comparable to published scores Some enthusiastic amateurs have used the VS.. With a sample of respondents from one country and tried to draw conclusions comparing the scores they found with those in Hypotheses books (1980, 1991 , 2001 , 2005, 2010).But essential to the use of the VS.. Is that comparisons should be based on matched samples of respondents people similar on all criteria other than nationality that could systematically extend to the answers. All scores in the first two Hefted books were based on carefully matched IBM subsidiary populations. A stark naked sample, to be comparable to these, should be a attach for the original IBM populations on all relevant criteria. Such a match is virtually impossible to make, if only because the IBM studies were done around 1970 and the point in time of the survey is one of the matching characteristics.Hypotheses books since 2001 contain sc ores for a number of countries not in the original IBM set, based on extensions of the research extraneous MOM, or in a few cases on informed estimates. Extensions of the research to countries and regions not in the original set have to be based, like all VS.. Application, on matched samples across two or more countries. These should always include one or, if possible, more of the countries from the IBM set, so that the raw(a) data can be anchored to the vivacious framework. Anchoring means that the scores from the extension research should be repositioned by the difference of the old and new scores for the common country (or by the mean difference in the case of more common countries). The main problem of extension research is finding matched samples across new and old countries. Examples of successful extensions are described in Hefted (2001464-465). The VS.. 2013 has been designed for research purposes. In the classroom it has poor ace validity, as it is based on the logic o f national cultures which differs from the logic of individual students. floricultures are not king-size individuals They are wholes, and their internal logic cannot be understood in the terms used for the personality dynamics of individuals. Echo-logic differs from individual logic (Hefted, 2001 17 the term ecological in cross-cultural studies is used for any analysis at the societal level it does not only refer to the natural environment). To students or audiences without a professional training in anthropology or cross-cultural research the VS.. Is to the proper tool for explaining the essence of the dimensions.In this case trainers should rather develop teaching tools victimisation the tables of differences between societies scoring high and low on each dimension, which are based on significant Hefted & Moving, 2010 Chapters 3-8). The twenty-four content questions allow advocate scores to be calculated on six dimensions of national value systems as components of national cult ures Power outdo (large vs Small), individualisation vs Collectivism, Masculinity vs Femininity, unbelief escape (strong vs Weak), Long- vs short Orientation, and Indulgence vs Restraint.All content questions are scored on five-point scales (1-2-3-4-5). Any standard statistical computer program will calculate mean scores on five-point scales, but the calculation can also be done simply by hand. For example, suppose a group of 57 respondents from Country C produces the following scores on question 04 (importance of security of employment) 10 x answer 24 x answer 2 14 x answer 3 5 x answer 4 1 x answer 5 42 20 54 valid answers totaling 125 Three of the 57 respondents gave an disenable answer either blank (no answer) or multiple (more than one answer).Invalid answers should be excluded from the calculation (treated as missing). The mean score in our case is 125/54 = 2. 31. Mean scores on five-point scales should preferably be presented in two decimals. More accuracy is unrealisti c (survey data are imprecise measures). Power Distance exponent (PDP) Power Distance is defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a society expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. The top executive formula is PDP = 35(mom mom) + 25(mom mom) + QPS) in which mom is the mean score for question 02, etc.The index normally has a range of about 100 points between very small Power Distance and very large Power Distance countries. C(PDP) is a constant (positive or negative) that depends on the temperament of the samples it does not affect the comparison between countries. It can be chosen by the user to shift her/his PDP scores to values between O and 100. Individualism Index (DIVIDE) Individualism is the opposite of Collectivism. Individualism stands for a society in which the ties between individuals are loose a person is expected to look after himself or herself and his or her immediate family only.Collectivism sta nds for a roofs, which continue to protect them throughout their lifetime in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. DIVIDE = 35(mom mol) + 35(mom mom) + C(ICC) in which mol is the mean score for question 01, etc. The index normally has a range of about 100 points between strongly collectivist and strongly individualist countries. C(ICC) is a constant (positive or negative) that depends on the nature of the samples it does not affect the comparison between countries. It can be chosen by the user to shift his/her DIVIDE scores to values between O and 100.Masculinity Index (MASS) Masculinity is the opposite of Femininity. Masculinity stands for a society in which social gender roles are clearly distinct men are conjectural to be assertive, tough, and focused on material success women are supposed to be more modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life. Femininity stands for a society in which social gender roles overlap both men and women are supposed to be modest, tender, an d concerned with the quality of life. MASS = 35(mom mom) + 35(mom mom) + corn) in which mom is the mean score for question 05, etc.The index normally has a range of about 100 points between strongly feminine and strongly masculine countries. C(MFC) is a constant (positive or negative) that depends can be chosen by the user to shift her/his MASS scores to values between O and 100. dubiousness Avoidance Index (AJAX) Uncertainty Avoidance is defined as the extent to which the members of institutions and organizations within a society feel threatened by uncertain, unknown, ambiguous, or unstructured situations. AU = 4001118 mom)+ 25(mom mom) + qua) in which mom is the mean score for question 18, etc.The index normally has a range of about 100 points between weak Uncertainty Avoidance and strong Uncertainty Avoidance countries. C(AU) is a constant (positive r negative) that depends on the nature of the samples it does not affect the comparison between countries. It can be chosen by the user to shift his/her I-JAG scores to values between O and 100. Long Term Orientation is the opposite of Short Term Orientation. Long Term Orientation stands for a society which fosters virtues oriented towards future rewards, in particular adaptation, perseverance and thrift.Short Term orientation stands for a society which fosters virtues related to the past and present, in particular respect for tradition, conservation of face, and fulfilling social obligations. LTO = mom) + 25(mom mom) + C(IS) n which mom is the mean score for question 13, etc. The index normally has a range of about 100 points between very short term oriented and very long term oriented countries. C(ls) is a constant (positive or negative) that depends on the nature of the samples it does not affect the comparison between countries. It can be chosen by the user to shift her/his L TO scores to values between O and 100.Indulgence versus Restraint Index (IVR) Indulgence stands for a society which allows rel atively free gratification of some desires and feelings, especially those that have to do with leisure, merrymaking with rinds, spending, consumption and sex. Its opposite pole, Restraint, stands for a society which controls such gratification, and where people feel less able to enjoy their lives. The index formula is IVR = ml 1) + mom) + COO in which ml is the mean score for question 11, etc. The index normally has a range of about 100 points between high indulgence and high restraint.C(IR) is a constant (positive or negative) that depends on the nature of the samples it does not affect the comparison between countries. It can be chosen by the user to shift her/his IVR scores to values between O and 100. As country-level correlations differ from individual-level correlations, answers on questions used to measure a country-level dimension do not necessarily correlate across individuals. A reliability test like Cockroachs alpha should in this case not be based on individual scores but on country mean scores. evidently this presupposes data from a sufficient number of countries, in practice at least ten.For comparison across fewer countries the reliability of the VS.. At the country level has to be taken for granted it can indirectly be shown through the validity of the scores in predicting dependent variables. The IBM database (Hefted, 1980) allows to compute Cockroach alphas for the first four dimensions across 40 countries (39 for AAU, 33 for PDP because of missing data). Power Distance Index (3 items) Alpha = . 842 Individualism Index (6 items) Alpha = . 770 Masculinity Index (8 items) Alpha = . 760 Uncertainty Avoidance Index (3 items) Alpha = . 15 The rule of thumb for test reliability is a value over . 700. The new items in the new transformation were chosen because of their similarity to items in reliable other studies, but the reliability of the new dimension scores cannot be proven a prior. The VS.. 2013 is copyrighted, but whitethorn be freely use d for academic research projects. Consultants who want to use the VS.. 2013 periodically should pay a license fee based on the number of copies administered per year. The same holds for use by companies in employee surveys. Information on rates is available from the copyright holder (emailprotected L) 9. History of the VS.. 2013 The original questions from the 1966-1973 Hermes (MOM) attitude survey questionnaires used for the international comparison of work-related values were listed in Hefted (1980, Appendix 1). Appendix 4 of the same book presented the iris Values Survey Module for future cross-cultural studies. It contained 27 content questions and 6 demographic questions. This VS.. 80 was a selection from the IBM questionnaires, with a few questions added from other sources about issues missing in the IBM list and Judged by the author to be of potential importance.In the 1984 abridged paperback edition of Hefted (1980) the original IBM questions were not included, but the VS.. 80 was. A weakness of the VS.. 80 was its dependence on the more or less accidental set of questions used in the IBM surveys. The IBM survey questionnaire had not really been imposed for the purpose of reflecting international differences in value patterns. However, the IBM questions could only be replaced by other questions after these had been validated across countries and to be validated, they had to be used in a large number of countries first.Therefore in 1981 Hefted through the newly- founded Institute for Research on Intercultural Cooperation (IIRC) issued an experimental extended version of the VS.. (VS.. 81). On the basis of an analysis of its first results, a new version was issued in 1982, the VS.. 82. This was widely used for the next twelve years. 3 of the questions were needed to compute scores on the four dimensions identified by Hefted. The other questions were included for experimental use. Some questions in the VS.. 82 were only applicable to employed respondents .Thus the instrument could not be used for entrepreneurs, students, and respondents without a paid Job. The number of replications using the VS.. 82 in Iriss files increased, but, unfortunately, it turned out that the samples from different researchers were insufficiently matched for producing a reliable new VS This changed when Michael Hope published his Ph. D. Hess on a survey study of elites (Syllabus Seminar Alumni) from 19 countries, using among other instruments the VS.. 82 (Hope, 1990). Eighteen of these countries were part of the IBM set, but besides USA all of them were from Europe.Hopes data base was therefore extended by adding results from replications in six countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America that could be considered somewhat matched with the Hope set. In the meantime, the research of Michael Harris Bond from Hong Kong, using the Chinese Value Survey (Chinese Culture Connection, 1987), had led to the identification f a fifth dimension Long-Term versus Short-Ter m Orientation (Hefted & Bond, 1988 Hefted, 2001 Chapter 7). In the new version of the VS.. Published in 1994 (the VS.. 94), this dimension appeared for the first time together with the other four.The questionnaire was also adapted to respondents without a paid Job. Accumulated experience with the use of the VS.. 94 in the next 14 years led to the publication of an updated VS.. 08. In the meantime, many new sources of cross- cultural survey information became available. One was an unpublished Masters Thesis (Van Bug, 2006) reporting on the network administration of the VS.. 94 among active members of the student association EASIES in 41 countries, collecting some 2,200 valid answers, a response rate of 24%.We also looked for questions correlated with the IBM dimensions in the newly available sources, including the huge World Values Survey database freely accessible on Internet (Ingather and associates, 1998, 2004, 2007). In 2007, Michael Moving published a book integrating all avail able old and new databases, and we invited him to Join the VS.. Team. Moving (2007) proposed three new dimensions Exclusion versus Universalism, Indulgence versus Restraint, and Monumentality versus Flexibility (flexibility confirming nullity).From these, Exclusion versus Universalism across 41 countries was strongly correlated with Power Distance and Collectivism (both r = . 74), so we did not treat it as a new dimension. Indulgence versus Restraint was uncorrelated with any of the five dimensions in the VS.. 94 and it added new insights into national cultural differences, so we accepted it as a new and sixth dimension. Monumentality versus Flexibility was significantly correlated with Short Term Orientation (r = . 68 across 16 overlapping countries) and less strongly with Power

Clever Manka and The Story of an Hour: A Demonstration of Differences in Health, Personalities, and Relationships

Manka and Louise Both short stories are a patriarchal society that restricted the roles of women, especially in their marriage. The setting in Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour takes place in a small city in the early 1900s. This story has actual characters with names, such(prenominal) as Louise Mallard. The main character is Louise Mallard, she is a women looking to get freedom from her husband, and she gets that chance when he dies in a railroad accident. The setting in cunning Manka takes place in a rural farming community is Czechoslovakia.This story has stereotypical characters, such as the Burgomaster, the farmer, and the shepherd. The main character in is Manka she is a char that is a very quick thinker. She shows the burgomaster how clever she is by knowing all the answers to his get acrosss. In Clever Manka and Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour, both demonstrate differences in health, personalities, and relationships. One difference between Manka and Louise is their healt h. Manka is a young woman who is in good health. She has no health problems, but on the other hand Louise does.In the start out of The Story of an Hour, its stated that Louise had heart trouble (Chopin 666). Knowing that Louise had heart trouble, her sister carefully told her almost her husbands death, to try to quit from Louise having a heart attack. Another difference between Manka and Louise is their personalities. Manka is an independent woman. She has a very intelligent and confident personality. To show how clever she really was, the Burgomaster gave a riddle to her father (the shepherd) to give to Manka.It was tell her to come see me, but she must come incomplete by day nor by night, neither riding nor walking, neither dressed nor undressed (Manka, 18). Her father told her what the burgomaster said. She showed how smart she was by going to his house at dawn (Neither by day nor by night), wearing fish nett (neither dressed not undressed), with one leg over a goat and one foot on the ground (neither riding nor walking). The Burgomaster was so surprised by her cleverness that he had to marry her. He then told her you are not to use that cleverness of yours at my expense. I wont have you fussy in any of my matters.In fact, if ever you give advice to anyone who comes to my for judgment, Ill turn you out of my house at once and send you home to your father (Manka, 19). Even the burgomaster was affright by Mankas intelligence. Even though Louise did not seem as intelligent as Manka, she still had a thinking personality. After Louises sis Josephine told her about her husbands death, she went up to her room (where most of the story took place) and she began to think. She then realized she was free from her husband, and she was now happy that she was not under his impression anymore.She said There would be no one to live for during those coming years she would live for herself (Chopin 667). Another difference between Manka and Louise is their relationsh ips with their husbands. They are both married this is one similarity that they share. Manka and the Burgomaster seem to get along well, except when she got into one of his cases. He told her if she interfered with any of his business he would send her back to her fathers house and he was going to do just that. He told Manka she could take one thing with her.She asked if she could stay till after supper, he agreed. She ended up getting him drunk and taking him to his fathers house. He woke up and asked her what does this mean? She replied You know you told me I might take with me the one thing I liked best in your house, so of course I took you (Manka, 20). He then told her that she was to clever for him, and then they went back home. After that their relationship got stronger, and if a case was too difficult for him they went to her for advice. On the other hand Louise and her husband didnt have such a good relationship.In the story, not much is said about Mr. Mallard and her rel ationship. Going off how she reacted when her sister told her he had died in a railroad accident, their relationship was sketchy. She loved himsometimes, but often she didnt. In the story, she said apologize Body and soul free (Chopin, 668). Her sister came up to her room to see if she was okay. Bringing Louise downstairs, they saw at the base of the stairwell, Mr. Mallard as he came with the door. As soon as she saw him Louise died. When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease of joy that ills. In both short stories, Clever Manka and The Story of an Hour, we lead about two very different women, and compared and contrasted their health, personalities, and relationships with their husbands. Although they did had some things in common, one was they both lived in a dominant male society. Chopin, Kate. Story of an Hour. prospering College Writing. Ed. Kathleen McWhorter. 4th ed. Boston Bedford/ St. Martins, 2009. 665-668 Clever Manka. Introduction to Literature. E ds. Alice S. Landy And William Rodney Allen. 6th ed. Boston Houghton Mifflin,

Public displays of Affection essay Essay

Is public displays a creative way of expressing young youths expressions of the world? Through this project I am investigation the meanings behind public displays whether it is right or wrong. There are many opinions that places public displays in a negative way, which many pack would believe that it is way of damaging public properties. However Public displays brings a variety of meanings in a way of introducing colours that changes the mood of some matchless percept of the world. Colours that are used in public displays, in other words graffiti inspires many young way wileists to overcome their fear and be spontaneous with their public views. I have chosen this particular topic because I want to discover the truth behind graffiti and why slew have chosen to express their feelings through art instead of speaking out their minds. This is interesting as graffiti is a reflection on the kin between art and society as society has the ability to change the boundaries and walls which d efines what is art.Many people should start accepting that graffiti is art as it is a way of exploring different expressions through individuals. As being a young youth myself, I have begun my research by taking photos of street art in London and explored different colours and shapes. Whilst taking photos of public displays, I was inspired at each design as it brought out much recitation both positive and negative of their views on society. This led me to take photos on young youth at my proclaim school and display them as a way of showing how young youth behave in todays society.During the start of my project, I have looked at many street artists and the one that inspired me the most is Banksy. Banksy explores a variety of shapes and meanings and expresses his political view in an artistic and creative way. What makes Banksy so different than other street artist is that he combines dark humour with graffiti and this is done in a distinctive stencilling technique. Through this pro ject I would like to follow Banksy technique and combine it with my own work. By the end of the project, I would want to find out the meaning behind the public displays and the problems that many youth individuals face which are presented through street art.

Reflecting on self an an entrepreuner

Introduction The first half of this report is written about one of the famous German enterprisers Klaus KobJoll. It exit include personal, societal and environmental agent that influenced KobJolls decisions during his life. In addition, his strengths and weaknesses will be determined and compared against my own ones. Second half of report will describe on what kind of venture I will do my Opportunity Analyses Report. It will include 5 key disciplines and 2 key personnel required to be source, as well as skills and competences take for the start-up of the venture Background Information on Klaus KobJollBeing born on 13 June 1948, Klaus KobJoll is now one of the most successful entrepreneurs in Europe (Schindlerhof n. d. ). His bank line portfolio ranges from restaurants to hotel business. His entrepreneurial career began when he was 22 by opening a Creperie rennaise restaurant in Erlangen in 1970. From then on, he established several more restaurants and hotels in Erlangen and Nur emberg. 1 1984, he opened the most successful venture in his career, the Landhotel Schindlerhof. Schindlerhof has become one of the best hotels in Europe and won several awards.Klaus KobJoll himself sees business as something that is very personal and should be handled with care. He is the author of books, lectures, and articles on hotel management (CSA fame Speakers n. d. ). In what ways Klaus KobJoll can be considered an entrepreneur? KobJoll is believed to be highly successful and rare entrepreneur. He deserved that status through his hard work and dedication to his ventures. The rigidly high standards that Klaus imposed on himself for ladder his business, earned him recognition and numerous accolades.Moreover, his unique way of dealing with mployees, giving them as much empowerment as they need to learn being independent, make his company one of the Germanys most productive places. His desire to grow and make Schindlerhof a better place brought the expansion of an originally 1 9-room hotel into a nearly 100-room hotel with $7mln overturn in 2012 (Wildberg, R 2013). He is also a member of German Hotel and restaurant Association and became first full member of the Swiss Hoteliers Association (CSA Celebrity Speakers n. d. ).Personal Influences of Klaus KobJoll The establishment of entrepreneurship is highly influenced by individuals personal raits and characteristics (Morrison, A, Rimmington, M Williams, C 1999). From that point of view, Timmons (cited in Morrison, A et al. 1999) suggests that leadership, along with commitment and determination are among desirable traits for an entrepreneur to possess. It can be seen that Klaus KobJoll is truly is an inspirational and motivational leader. He prompts his employees to be independent by empowering them to discover their individual talents.Klaus KobJoll sees his hotel as a school in which they grow (Wildberg, R 2013). In addition, being a leader Klaus KobJoll admits that every leader has a select group of qual ities. He states that every man can be a manager, but not everyone can become a leader. He highlights several points such as self-confidence, need for achievement, and responsiveness to Those factors in turn symbolize with entrepreneurial traits suggested by Schumpeter, McClelland, Baty and Chet et al. (cited in Morrison, A et al. 1999).

Comparison and Contrast of three essays Essay

We all know that reproduction is adept of the most important things in human life. A person needs to be better in order to take away a good future ahead of him. However, there are people who are less fortunate when it comes to education because they cannot commit to come to school. Today, learning is not a matter of gift to share however a wealth for some because they use education to gain bullion and not the aim of education for people. Because of these scenarios, some people hide their feelings of guilt and pity through text some of them are Nock, Vetter, and Mitchell. Nocks erudition of education in his article entitle The Disadvantages of Being Educated is opposite from the dictation of the society that education entrust lead to a better future. For Nock, education will lead to dissatisfaction of man. If a man is educated, he will search for more and would not be contented in what he has. He will continue to ask for more even if he has a good status in the society he wi ll seek for more fame and richness. Therefore, he would rather not be educated and live a simple and normal life rather than having a well-educated mind but not contented with everything. Vetters perception of authorship on the other hand in his article entitle Bonehead Writing is odd. He used to get wind people who want to learn how to write a good text, letter, or even a good paragraph because he perceived that writing is inbred and not something that can be learn for it is very hard especially for less fortunate and uneducated people. Once a person survived in a writing class, it is like surviving its life in the forest. For him, whether you take minutes, hours, or days of writing, it will still be senseless if you do not have the capability or the gift of writing. In the article of Mitchell, he showed the true meaning of hunger not the hunger of stomach but the hunger of mind. many an(prenominal) of the people in America is illiterate, though it is a first world country, th ere are still people who are uneducated that are uneffective to read and write. This kind of situation do him feel uncomfortable because America is known for being the first world country. However, he focused his attention to the job of educators because they are the one who took place and authority in teaching and educating the people preferably the students. These three authors of the said articles have different fight in their writing but their similarity is their purpose in their essay. All of them want to impose the needs and present situation of education not only in the united States but in the whole world as well. Nock relates his essay to the uneducated or less educated people because his attack is for educated people, it is a bias perception of the author towards the uneducated people can somehow help but not as always. Vetters attack focused on the needs of writing. He wants his readers to feel the incapacity of some people in writing.Through his ideas, his aim for change is not thoroughly established because he made the article too light to handle and because of this, readers would take it as an entertainment than being an educated article. On the other hand, Mitchell is the most serious writer of them all. Mitchell focused his full attention to the real situation of the world, though he wants to focus on Americas problem, it also relates to the problem of different countries. Mitchells attack towards the educators and other factors do not make a problematic argument because he delivers his perception and notion of hunger in a factual form. As a whole, they delivered well what they want to utter to the readers. They are different attacks but their aim are similar from one another, one of them bought entertainment while educating the readers, one takes the situation in academic environment with a light scenario, and one is serious in what he state. All of them made a revelation of what is happening, but the problem is that they do not state th e possible solutions to the problems they have encountered.ReferenceName. (date). Title. Publisher

Fictional Characters and Insurance Contracts Essay

1. Non-Argument, Piece of Advice, its because the debate says strongly recommended which is giving you an advice. 2. Non-Argument, Conditional Statement, its because it is an ifthen line of reasoning. 3. ArgumentP Fictional characters behave tally to the same psychological probabilities as real people. P The characters of fiction are found in exotic dilemmas that real people hardly encounter. C Fiction provides us with the opportunity to ponder how people fight down in uncommon situations, and to deduce moral lessons, psychological principles, and philosophical insights from their behavior. 4. Non-Argument, Opinion, its because the statement is a statement of belief from the words I believe which is also called an opinion. 5. Non-Argument, Report, its because it is a group of statements that gives info nearly some situation or event. 6. ArgumentP In every insurance contract in that location is an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. P The duty to so act is imminent in the contract whether the company is attending to the claims of third persons against the insured or the claims of the insured itself. C When the insurer immoderately and in bad faith withholds payment of the claim of its insured, it is subject to liability in tort. 7. Non-Argument, Expository Passage, its because the topic of the sentence develops or elaborates on it. 8. Non-Argument, Description, its because the statements makes us imagine of an image of what the statements have written. 9. Non-Argument, Report, its because the statements are reported by a certain person. 10. Non-Argument, Illustration, its because the statements seem to hide as arguments scarce the real point is to exemplify the statement.

Karl Marx Philosophy Essay

Karl Marx is regarded as whiz of the greatest philosophers of the 19th century. He was born and raised in Prussia and got shaped by Ludwig Feuerbach amongst other radical Hegelians. though he subscribed to the Hegelian belief regarding the dialectical structure and the historical inevitability, Karl Marx believed that the fundamental reality was to be put in in the material base of the economy as contend to the conceptual ideal found in philosophy. Marx graduated with a doctoral degree at Jena in the course of study 1841 after writing about the philistinism and atheism of Greek atomists.He new-mader moved to Koln where he effected a radical news theme known as Rheinische Zeitung becoming its editor. He later moved to France and Belgium where he practiced some journalism before he finally settled in England in the year 1849 (Kemerling, paratrooper 1). Here he loved in poor conditions and engaged in the study and development of his theories that tenderloin across politics and economy. Karl Marx was of the belief that philosophy should be practical in order to change the domain. This paper shall discuss the philosophical persists of Karl Marx and how his work was regarded in the capitalistic society of the time.Karl Marxs Philosophy Karl Marxs work was primarily base on the economy. In his work that was published in 1844 entitled stinting and Political Manuscripts of 1844, Marx presents an argument that the circumstances of the current industrial societies unremarkably leads to workers being alienated from their own labor. He reviewed a book by Bruno Baier, On the Jewish Question and concluded that religion had great influence on the political situation in europium at the time. He was of the view that Europe essential restructuring that could only be brought about through innovationary activities.Marx went further to elaborate on his economic theories in subsequent works that included the Capital of 1867-95 and Theory of surplus value of 1862 (Kemerling, para 2). Karl Marx in pairing with his colleague Friedrich Engels published their work entitled The Communist pronunciamento in the year 1848 which was aimed at initiating accessible diversity. In this work, the two focused on the struggles that are experienced in the midst of the genial classes of the proletariats and bourgeoisies.It also elaborates on the distinction between the communism and other forms of socialist movements. This piece of work also proposes the various social reforms and encourages the laborers to revolt against the incumbent regimes (Kemerling, para 3). Karl Marx and the Historical Materialism Karl Marxs take on the historical materialism was greatly influenced by Hegels argument that human history should be viewed based on the dialectical aspect. Karl Marx developed a link between the Hegelian dialect and the materialism of his time.To Marx, human history was influenced by economics. He argued that from the beginning of times, humans have ne ver been motivated by ideologies but instead, they have usually been motivated by material concerns. This includes the need to eat and to continue to exist. This forms the basis for the historical materialism as propounded by Marx (Tucker, p 12). Marx observes that, initially humans used to work together and in unity, however, the development of floriculture and the issue of private property monomania spoilt the collective style of living.Agriculture and private ownership of property gave rise to the division of labor and differentiation in the society leading to different classes that were based on power and wealth. pointtually, all this led to social conflicts which are characterizing the capitalistic society in which we live (Tucker, p 15). Capitalism has worsened the situation by increasing the disparities between the haves and have-nots. Karl Marx postulated that the class struggles are needed given the historical forces which back not be controlled by individuals.He also claimed that capitalism came up with a new misery which he termed as exploitation of surplus value (German, para 18). Marx stimulate for an economy that would involve the exchanging of value in commensurate measures. In this regard, Marx argued that the value of the laborers could be determined scarcely by their labor input in production of goods and services. Capitalism was seen as exploitative as it drive by profit motives and Marx argued that the profits originate from the surplus value that is produced by the laborers.Capitalism therefore was seen as having the desire to produce an unbalanced exchange system where they exchange less for greater value (Tucker, p 25). The communist manifesto This was compiled following a combined effort of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and published in 1848. The Communist manifesto is regarded as one of the most influential political work to have ever been published. The writing of the Manifesto was commissioned by the Communist League and written by the two respected figures Marx and Engels and it provided the League with advise and program of their duties.In this work, analysis of class struggles and problems associated with capitalism are well elaborated (German, para 6). The manifesto explains that historically, human society has been characterized by class struggles. These struggles become essential in determining the reorganization of work and way of life in general through a rotatory means. In their view, Marx and Engels observed that in case the struggles fail to have a breakthrough, then the society is doomed to slide backwards instead of leaping forward.Historically, the society had been shaped with such struggles as observed in England in 1640s and France in the late 18th century where the bourgeoisies prevailed over feudalism. Engels and Marx theorized that the bourgeoisies revolutions were to spread in other parts of Europe hence ushering in a rapid growth in the forces of production. In return, there w ill be rapid growth of the working class which will in turn precipitate the proletariat revolution (Marx, Engels & Jones, p 45). Karl Marx and Engels believed that capitalism was in the process of establishing itself and causing destruction to the feudalism that had preceded it.The two believed that capitalism would later create the prerequisite conditions for the establishment of socialism. They believed that this was going to happen since capitalism was aimed at creating mass production and a revolutionary working class. The Communist Manifesto provides a sketch of capitalism development which is marked by the rise of towns during the Middle Ages, voyages that gave rise to merchant capitalism, and the growth of manufacturing sector that was meant to address the new market demands (Marx, Engels & Jones, p 48).The working class is described by Karl Marx and Engels as those who do not own the means of production. They thus earn their living through laboring for those with the means of production. They become enslaved to the machinery and their lives are dominated by exploitative processes. The workers then shall become collectively organized through trade unions and political organizations. The perennial struggle between the classes leads to solidarity and Marx and Engels believe that this class is the sure revolutionary class based on the position they occupy in the workplace.Since they hold the possible to run the production of wealth in the society, the working class is seen to be potential leaders of the revolution. The revolution that Marx and Engels anticipated was to result in a classless society as opposed to the previous revolutions that had only managed to lead to ruling classes being replaced by a small group of individuals. The revolution by the working class would abolish the stratified society to emancipate all the dispossessed (German, para 11). Conclusion According to Marx, individuals are born into the world in which they do not have oft con trol.They are supposed to follow the conventional rules like everyone else. He however proposed a breakthrough to the influence nature of life by offering an alternative in the name of communism. Marx called for the overthrow of the bourgeoisies through the revolutionary activities of the proletariats or the laborers. The working class was called upon to unite and revolt against what he termed as oppressive capitalist regime. However, it can be argued that this utopian view of society was unachievable since naturally, the human society gets divided into the leaders and the followers.Even if the working class was to overthrow the bourgeoisie, there was going to be very little change in the social structuring contrary to what Karl Marx had believed. The laborers are bound to categorize themselves into different groups and the exploitation would continue to be matt-up amongst the different classes. Nevertheless, Karl Marx gave us a political philosophy which would later contribute imm ensely to the shaping of the world politics as communism remains a significant force in world politics. feat Cited German, Lindsey. Reflections on the Communist Manifesto. Retrieved on 6th May 2010 from http//pubs. socialistreviewindex. org. uk/isj79/german. htm. Kemerling, Garth. Karl Marx (1818-1883). 2006. Retrieved on 6th May 2010 from http//www. philosophypages. com/ph/marx. htm. Marx, Karl Friedrich Engels & Gareth Stedman Jones. The communist manifesto. 2002. London Penguin. Tucker, Robert C. Philosophy & myth in Karl Marx. 2000. New Brunswick, N. J. Transaction.

Coin and Paper Money Will Soon Be Replaced

Coins & Paper silver will soon be replaced by Credit Cards. It is a fact that we live in a corrupt high society. We hear a lot of robberies everyday. People atomic number 18 afraid to bring home money from the depose. These robberies atomic number 18 not only taking place at homes, but also there are pick pockets who rob people while traveling. People are frightened to take money with them for shopping. They face a lot of problems whenever they need to buy some high-priced things. It is a jet fact that new inventions take place in every generation correspond to the comfort of people.So atlast to solve peoples problems in carrying money with them, banks with the help of Government introduced Credit cards and other bank cards. These cards are very useful in a way as people dont hand over to carry coins & paper money with them. They put forward pay their bills with the help of these credit cards. These credit cards are used in such a way that when one uses the card, the bank pays the amount on his behalf. hence one has to pay this amount from his bank account on phone or he behind use bank checks as well as cash money. This is all upto him.Also if people dont save money at the time, they can delay their payment for the time being. The bank will pay it on your behalf & you can give this money back in easy installments or you can pay it back atonce whenever you have it. So due to all these benefits Credit Cards are becoming more and more common these days. So we can say that a time will come when we will see no coins and paper money. They will be replaced by Credit Cards. Eventually we will have a cashless society which will be safer and more convenient for everyone.

Lawrence Kohlberg’s Research

It is uncoiled that the research of Lawrence Kohlberg was focused around the concept of good reasoning, which also can be c totallyed lesson developing (Answer 1). Lawrence Kohlberg was a known American specialist in psychiatry, who was interested in problems of lesson development moral judgments and moral choices. He is famous for his long-term experiments with young children (some of them lasted more than 20 years), during which Kohlberg studied the development of moral judgments and moral choices of the children. As a result, in 1981the theory of moral development was created.According to the findings of the specialist, there are six stages of moral development, which can be grouped into three different levels (1) pre-conventional morality, which includes two sub-stages (a) punishment-obedience preference, and (b) instrumental relativist orientation (2) conventional morality, which includes two sub-stages (a) good boy-good girl orientation, and (b) instrumental relativist o rientation and (3) post-conventional morality, which includes the following sub-stages (a) social contract orientation, and (b) universal joint ethical principle orientation (Wong, 2000).Therefore, during the process of moral development, every individual gradually passes through all these six stages. At that Kohlberg was underlining that not every adult individual can reach the highest stage in his/her moral development. Besides, not every time real behavior of an individual was correspondent to the achieved stage of moral development. This theory was criticized and the opponents of Kohlbergs scientific conclusions pointed on several drawbacks of this research. In particular, the fact that all the experiments were made with antheral children is considered to be a serious disadvantage.ReferencesWong, A. S. (2000, September). Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Development. Blessed to Be Blessing. Retrieved April 23, 2008, from http//www.vtaide.com/blessing/Kohlberg.htm .

Employment responsibilities Essay

Understand employment responsibilities and rights in health, social conduct or children and young lots settings. Outcome 1 know the statutory responsibilities and rights of employees and employers in spite of appearance own state of reach1 health & safety, minimum wage, operative hours, equality2 Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 An passage put in place to look later on the health, safety and upbeat of populate at work, for protecting others against risks to health or safety in connection with the activities of people at work. Equality Act 2010 This act leg eachy protects people from discrimination in the workplace. Employment Rights Act 1996 This act explains what rights employees confine in a place of work. For example, time off work, guaranteed wages, dismissal and redundancy.3 To protect employees against peck they whitethorn face in their working lives. Every person who works for an employer is protected from discrimination in the workplace, has the right to rec eive the national minimum wage, and to work no more than 48 hours per week unless they heed to. These employee rights apply regardless of whether the employee or worker is temporary, fixed-term or permanent, or how long they have worked for the employer. These laws stick out(p) rules and regulations that moldiness be followed.4 Sources and types of information and advice available can be, speaking directly to managers, reading policies and procedures, looking on the inter bring in (direct.gov.uk) , going to a citizen advice bureau or joining a union.Outcome 2 take agreed ways of working that protect own relationship with employer1 My contract of employment at Crown Ho expend covers the followers job title, probationary period, place of work, pay, deductions, hours of work,overtime, time recording, short time working and lay off, annual holidays, man holidays, sick pay, alcohol and drug testing, pension, notice and garden leave.2 My payslip entangles the following infor mation comp whatever name, department, payment method, payment period, payments, hours, rate, amount, deductions (PAYE tax, National Insurance, Pension), totals, week/month, date, department flake, tax code, employee number, employee name and net total.3 If you have a grievance relating to your employment, you should in the first instance raise this with the manager. If the grievance cannot be settled inform exclusivelyy, you must set out the grievance and the basis for it in writing and submit it to the field Manager.4- Personal information that must be kept up to date with own employer can include change of name, marital status, change of address, any medical conditions that may affect work, any medication order that may affect work and any altercations with the police must be admitted.5 Agreed ways of working includes policies and procedures, which may cover areas such asData protection how confidential files relating to staff or expediency workoutrs are stored in cupbo ards where access is only surpassn if require.Conflict management if there is any conflict between staff members this should be bought to the attention of the manager and he/she should try to resolve this profession anyy.Anti-discriminatory execute staff and overhaul users testament not be discriminated regardless of their age, gender, sexuality, religion, ethnic background or disability.Health and safety staff should wear appropriate clothing, for example flat shoes and covered up. It is staffs responsibility to news narration any health andsafety issues they may come across, whether it be broken equipment or maintenance needed within the building.Equality and diversity staff and service users must be treated equally only not all the kindred. Opportunities should not be mixed-up just because somebody may need otiose support to do something. For example, if a sensory room is upstairs and somebody cannot manage the stairs for whatever reason, help should be given (lif t, stair lift) so that person can access the room.Outcome 3 Understand how own role fits within the wider context of the sector1 My job description is to provide centred focused lot to service users. To provide opportunities for service users to increase their knowledge and experience, to encourage them to maintain map sk disadvantageouslys and learn new ones, and to enable them to gain more control over their lives. To manage and minimise behaviours as best as possible. To ensure the four key principles of the Valuing People document are adhered to at all times Rights Independence Choice and Inclusion. General and administration duties. ** Important this is not exhaustive and is pendant to review in line with the changing needs of the unit and/or the needs of the service users.2 PositiveNegativeAccessing community and participating in activities of enjoyment People may be at risk to themselves and others (staff, members of public) Gives the familiarity a good nameService use rs not motivated, become lazyImproves service users development and remain stimulatedBehaviours may be displayed oftenKeep service users safeGives the company a bad reputation3 Other people in which staff need to give-up the ghost with will include, butare not limited to, the following Residential homes to find out how the service user has been at home (behaviours, illness), let them of know of any lunch requirements (picnics, cooked lunch), ensure money is move in for planned activities, progress sure the service user is dressed appropriately for planned activities. language and Language Therapists to assess, monitor and review a service users eating and swallowing if any problems have been noticed and reported, to turn help with communication aids and techniques. Mental health team attend first-string appointments with service users to mark how they are, is medication working? Any new problems/obsessions? How mood has been? (agitated, confused, depressed) Any behaviour triggers?4 CQC are governors for all health and social care run in Enlgand. A regulator is an organisation that checks services resonate the governments standards or rules just about care. They similarly look after the rights of people who need wasted support to stay safe. This includes people who are kept in care under a law called the Mental Health Act. The governments standards cover all areas of care. These rules are about things like respecting people and treating them in the way we all expect to be treated. making sure people receive the viands and drink they need. giving people care in clean, safe buildings. managing services and having the right staff.CQC put care services on their register if they meet the standards, or act quickly if they do not. They continue to use different information to find out as much as they can about services. reading from the public about their experiences of care is very important to CQC. They in like manner work with topical anaesth etic groups and people who use services to find out whats working well and whats working badly in health and social care services in their area. Inspectors check services all over England to make sure they meet the rules for safe, effective, compassionate and high-quality care.Care services, and other organisations like the NHS, also give CQC information about certain things that happen. For example, they will check a service if more people are dying there than usual. They act quickly to look into unsafe services or bad ways of working. They say what needs to change and go back to check things are better. CQC can also fine people or companies, giveservices a public warning, stop the service caring for any new people, stop a service caring for people while they find out what is happening and even chuck out services pass.Outcome 4 Understand career pathways available within own related sectors1 To be a care home manager you would need the following qualifications * at least ii y ears senior management or supervisory experience in a relevant care setting within the past five years * a qualification appropriate to the care you will be providing, such as NVQ Level 4 in Health and Social Care, a tip in social work or nursing (with live registration) * a management qualification, such as NVQ Level 4 in Leadership and Management for Care Services (which replaces the Registered Managers Award (RMA)) or combining weight like a Diploma in Management Studies, or a Management NVQ Level 4 . To be a concord you would need the following qualifications around 5 GCSEs (or equivalent) of Grade C and in a higher place including English Literature or Language, Mathematics and a science subject. to take a nursing compass point trails you will normally need at least 2 A-Level s or equivalent. all nurse breeding is done by universities.They offer nursing diplomas or degrees which take three years to complete. The diplomas but are being phased out and most universities a re moving to degree only in folk 2011 all universities must move to degree only by September 2013 to work as a nurse in the United Kingdom you must be registered with the Nursing and Midwifery Council. The title Registered fellate is only given to you when you have that registration. To be a social worker you would need the following qualifications a three-year undergraduate degree or a devil-year postgraduate degree in social work that is approved by the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC). Many university courses are full-time, although some work-based routes with part-time study may also be available.You will typically need the following qualifications in order to study for an undergraduate degree in social work five GCSEs (A-C) including English and mathsat least two A levels, or an equivalent qualification such as a BTEC NationalDiploma or NVQ Level 3 in Health and Social Care. You should check entry requirements, as colleges and universities may possess alternativ es like an Access to Higher Education or substantial relevant work experience (paid or voluntary). If you already have a degree, you could do a two-year postgraduate Masters degree in social work. When you apply for social work training, you should ideally already have some paid or voluntary experience in a social work or care setting. You will also need to pass background checks by the Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS). Previous convictions or cautions may not automatically prevent you from this type of work.2 In order to become a replacement Manager of a day service such as Crown House, I would speak to my afoot(predicate) manager and find out all the information I needed to know. I could also reduce in contact with the companies head office and if need be any training providers.3 The close steps in my career pathway are as followsAny refresher training to modify my knowledge and remind me what I learnt last time, this will include NAPPI training. Attend first aid cours e and SOVA course annuallyComplete NVQ level 3 by December 2015Mental health training by June 2016Outcome 5 Understand how issues of public concern may affect the image and pitch shot of services in the sector1 The following are cases where the public have raised concerns regarding issues within the care sectorWinterbourne ViewBaby PAsh CourtFiona ChisholmOrme House2 deprave took place at Winterbourne View, a hospital for endurings with learning disabilities and challenging behaviours in Gloucestershire. A perspective probe broadcast on television in 2011, exposed the physical and psychological abuse suffered by people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour at the hospital. Local social services and the English national regulator (Care Quality Commission) had received various warnings but the mistreatment continued. One senior nurse reported his concerns to the management at Winterbourne View and to CQC, but his complaint was not interpreted up.The footage show ed staff repeatedly assaulting and harshly restraining patients under chairs. mental faculty gave patients cold punishment showers, left one outside in near zero temperatures, and poured mouthwash into others eyes. They pulled patients hair and forced medication into patients mouths. Victims were shown screaming and shaking, and one patient was seen trying to jump out of a second floor window to escape the torment, and was then mocked by staff members. One patient was repeatedly poked in the eyes. A clinical psychologist who reviewed the footage described the abuse as torture.On 21 June 2011, 86 people and organisations wrote to the Prime Minister, David Cameron about the revelations, We are aware of the various actions currently being taken within and outside government such as the DH review and CQC internal inquiry. We hope to make submissions to those two individually and collectively. However, on their own these will not be enough and a clear political program is needed to achieve change. The prime minister responded saying he was appalled at the catalogue of abuses Panorama uncovered.In June 2011 the Association of Supported Living issued a press statement, which was followed up in writing to both member of parliament in the United Kingdom, calling for community based supported living services to replace institutional services for people with learning disabilities.The Daily Mail said Without the investigation by the BBCs Panorama, given huge coverage in the Mail, the abuse of patients at Winterbourne View might be continuing to this day. As it is, the secure hospital and two other carehomes have been shut down, 11 guilty staff have been brought to justice and a devastating report now exposes the serial failings of the local NHS, police and health watchdogs. For the past year, the Leveson Inquiry has focused relentlessly on the failings of the media. Never let it be forgotten how much this country owes, in the fight against cruelty and corruption, t o its free Press.The Daily Telegraph said, It is unsufferable to read the details of what went on at Winterbourne View, a care home for the severely disabled in Gloucestershire, without feeling repelled. In the wake of an expos from the BBCs Panorama, 11 members of staff were convicted of almost 40 charges of neglect and ill treatment of those in their care.The national regulator, the CQC did a nationwide check on facilities owned by the same company, Castlebeck Care as a result three more institutions have been closed. The CQC reported a systemic failure to protect people or to investigate allegations of abuse and said that Castlebeck Care had misled the health watchdog.The CQC also inspected 132 similar institutions and a Serious Case Review was commissioned. The head of the Care Quality Commission resigned in the lead of a critical government report, a report in which Winterbourne View was cited. Mencap published a report warning that similar abuse could be going on elsewhere and calling for the closure of all large institutions far from peoples families. Eleven people pleaded guilty to criminal offences of neglect or abuse as a result of evidence from Undercover Care and six of them were jailed. Immediately after the eleventh person pleaded guilty, the Serious Case Review was published, revealing hundreds of previous incidents at the hospital and missed warnings.3 The public seems to have lost faith in such regulators and companies as this has been reocurring for a number of years. The media have issued a lot of publicity stating how care companies, social services and regulators have let the victims down by simply not taking these cases seriously enough and ensuring the well-being and standards are being met. The public may feelreluctant to use the care services to look after their family members. These issues also give the care sector a bad reputation.4 Recent changes in service delivery which have affected own area of work includes staff being supe rvised and appraised on a regular basis, changes to medication being administered, NAPPI training to prevent forceful restraining, ensuring incident/accident forms are completed properly and signed by witnesses if needed and up to date training, policies and procedures.