Waste Management Practices in Malta

squander perplexity Practices in MaltaChapter 1Introduction ContextAs time gone by, the world as we know it evolved and also with it do did the desolate counselling practices. Through the global widespread epidemic outbreaks, back in early nineteenth century, drop guidance had shifted from the dilute and disperse and repair and reuse to the immature idea of collect and remove in devote to comfort the general mankind from unhealthy sprightliness conditions. This approach gave birth to what we know now a day as landfills. The latter saw the introduction of new practices such as use up collection from cities being carted away and discarded openly somewhere else away from the same cities. The first dump sites (landfills) were not engineered in any form which essentially entai take determination a place where one could dispose of unwanted material outside its habitable boundary/territory.Since the beginning of the condition sustainable living, many individuals famous to so cieties or also not kn deliver, along with other organisations had given definitions to waste. While every country about the globe has its own definition, other countries had moved forward, in particular the EU, and its 28 member states. Thus, the EU intercept has harmonised and has a synergy amongst all its 28 member states for delimit waste. Waste has various definitions such as Waste is what is left behind when imagination fails (Ekberg 2009 as published by Linnenkopper in magazine Recycling transnational issue August 2016, para 1). However, within the EU, a synchronized definition of waste has been in use in its trustworthy wording for over trinity decades now and is embedded in the 2008, Waste Framework Directive (Directive 2008/98/EC). The legal analysis of Article 3(1) which defines waste as any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to discardAgain, within the EU and its 28 member states, the Landfill Directive, municipal solid waste i s defined as waste from households, as well as other waste which, because of its nature or composition, is similar to waste from households (EU, 1999).With lots of accent on waste management and waste becoming a problem, many took the advantage of this potential time bomb situation and came up with waste as a resource. The new concept of circular economy was born and introduced across the globe. Regretfully to say, there is no documentation when actually the term was born, but it is believed that it gained momentum in the late 1970s, and it was led by a small number of academics, thought-leaders and businesses. In smaller industries, where modern technology is usually less prevalent, a common tendency is to process waste through source separation (Berg, 1993182). Hence, there is thus a considerable risk for sub-optimising solutions without an all-embracing perspective covering all kinds of waste (Tiberg, 1995 as cited in Stenis ,200522).As Mutavchi (20125) had stated in his Doctora l dissertation titled Solid Waste Management Based on Cost-Benefit Analysis using the Wamed Model The emphasis on waste continue to be problematic is more than evident particularly in Europe. This can be confirmed by the European billing investing in many innovative projects to control the waste issue. The latter are a wide range of initiatives ranging from reducing to reusing of wastes.The notion of municipal waste collection what we know today as Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) was introduced in Malta towards the late 20th century, and the first for dirty materials Materials Recovery Facility ( MRF) was launch in Marsascala in 1993. The practice of recycling had been introduced in Malta many years later and as the National Statistics Office (NSO) proves by its available data, recycling topically is immensely low in numbers. In Malta, the sustainable discussions when it surveys to waste were initiated with the application of Malta to enter the EU block back in the 1990, of which the latter missed the 1995 admission price and again application was frozen back in 1996 when there was a change in Government from the Nationalist party (PN) pioneer to accession to the EU block to the Labour party (MLP) anti EU accession but in favour of special agreements e.g. Switzerland. Malta Eventually joined the EU as a full member in 2004 when after a short-lived Labour government of just eighteen months, the PN were re-elected and negotiations to reactivate the application had taken place intensely by 2000 in order for Malta to catch up with the other candidates awaiting to join the EU block which took place in May 2004. Only to join the block in 2004 after national turmoil on accession.Waste management was one of the issues that Malta had to cover during the EU negotiations and this gave birth to the first national waste management plan for the Maltese islands document back in 2001 of which its updated version is enforced via the Waste Management Plan for the Maltese Isl ands 2014-2020.The searcher concurs with the vision of the Waste Management Plan for the Maltese islands 2014-2020 (MSDEC 2014) that of realizing the link mingled with environmental objectives and human wellbeing will lead to sustainable waste management. In order for the National Waste Management plan to be successfully implemented, there must be a full societal commitment. Unless the Maltese citizens commence mutually to adopt the 3 pillars of zero waste (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) within their daily lives, there will be little to no improvement. Furthermore, such commitment calls for every citizen to change their current behaviour. However, the latter can only be made if only proper dissemination of information is made for better choices to be made in order for the stimulation of the involved stakeholders to improve.1.2 Research ObjectivesThe motivation behind this research project is to feel the pulse of the Maltese citizens and any one residing in the Maltese Islands when it comes to waste Management practices, in particular waste management educational and awareness campaigns, their effectiveness on the general public and whether the latter are leading to the desired success when it comes to alter the citizens behaviour towards the 3 Rs as well as reaching the EU set targets.This research project aims to identify issues pertaining to barriers and limitations when it comes to the citizen to execute the 3Rs as well as identifying the niches subjects that the citizens feel that are not giving enough importance during waste management educational and awareness campaigns. The latter information assembly will give insight to better assessment prior and after campaigns as well as evaluate feedback that will make such campaigns more interesting and gain the desired success.Nevertheless, the researchers earlier experience within the social research field will be put into use and practice again, and previous experience within such research will help to guide and improve this research methodology even better by eliminating already cognize flaws from previous research experience.The proposed research is aimed atdecision the barriers and limitations towards the 3RsIdentify the success and failures of education and awareness campaignsIdentify whether the citizens differ between awareness and educational campaigns purpose whether the citizens are ready to sacrifice their lifestyle for the sake of sustainabilityFinding whether politicians and politics plays a role and have influence on citizens and waste managementFinding whether character assimilations can help participation increase in campaignsFinding what else the citizens want to know from these campaignsFinding whether there is Fragmentation or unity amongst the primeval stakeholders when it comes to waste managementFinding who the citizens look up to, to resolve waste issuesFinding whether management by crisis is applied when it comes to waste management issuesFinding whether more ca n be done such as fines, enforcement, monitoring etc.Evaluating previous waste awareness and educational campaigns success.Research QuestionsThe principal(prenominal) research questions that the undertaken research study will explore are the followingWhat are the barriers and limitations to the citizens of the Maltese islands when it comes to waste management adherence?Why are the waste awareness and educational campaigns not leaving the desired results? What is lacking?What other information and guidance the Maltese citizens want to receive when it comes to waste management issues and executing of the 3Rs?Where is, Malta failing when it comes to public involvement in reaching the EU set targets for waste management?Whether education is or can be the link to bridge the gap between the citizens and waste management issues and living sustainablyStructure of DissertationThe dissertation is divided into 5 Main chapters and throughout these chapters the researcher will engage in finding answers to the research questions. Following the introduction to the main subject in Chapter 1.Chapter 2 provides an over view of the waste management in Malta and how it had evolved with time, along with other enactment and obligations that Malta have nationally and internationally. The same chapter also reviews past and current waste awareness and educational campaigns, along with other issues pertaining to waste management within the Maltese islands. The gathered literature review aims to give an overview of the current waste management scenario along with the attitude and behaviour of the citizens towards such subject.Chapter 3, will take the reader around the approach the researcher had concluded to use throughout the study. The chosen methodology will aim to identify the main issues pertaining to waste management from a citizens and main stakeholders point of view. This part also provides a detailed description of the tools used and applied to gain the required information i n order to arrive to a conclusion.Chapter 4 explores the in-depth evaluation carried out via the one to one interviews with various stake holders as well the focus groups carried out with various citizens. The latter chapter discusses in flesh out the findings while evaluating deeply the findings gathered during the above-mentioned sessions. The findings during the analysis will give insight and ideas along with food for thought to the researcher in order to come up with proposals of how local scenario can improve on the whole.The final Chapter is 5, which presents the findings throughout the whole of the study along with conclusions and recommendations made from this research. The chapter revisit the findings and concludes by calling for merely research and actions and for the findings and suggestions to be taken on board for execution by the responsible authorities.ConclusionThe citizen seems to be shifting from the laissez faire mentality to the social responsibility of living sustainable, both for oneself and family as well as for the environment as a whole. While one must conclude that social conscious towards the environment and sustainable living is on the increase, one must question whether the authorities are guiding the citizen correctly and helping in reducing and/or restricting its barriers to clasp on moving towards the sustainable lifestyle that every nation desires.

PepsiCo Buyer Behaviour Analysis

PepsiCo Buyer Behaviour AnalysisBuyer Behavior for Consumer MarketIntroductionIn the summer of 1898, In New Bern, North Carolina, a young pharmacist named Caleb Bradham began experimenting with combinations of spices, juices and syrup trying to create refreshing new drinks to serve his nodes. He succeeded beyond expectations by inventing new beverages know as Pepsi-Cola. Nowaold age, Pepsi is a well known light drink in all over the world.From its humble beginnings over a light speed ago, Pepsi-Cola has grown to be stick to one and only(a) of the best-known, nearly-loved increases through come out of the closet the world. And the company behind it PepsiCo has grown as well, standing today as the premier marketer of refreshment beverages, juices and collation foods. They have consumer in over 200 countries in the whole world. The company offers to a greater extent(prenominal) than 500 beverages and snack that appeal to every age of consumer age sort and demographic categor y.Today, PepsiCo is a $29 billion company, employing more than 150,000 bulk speaking more than 40 languages around the globe. The company is consistently described for its corporate citizenship, eleemosynary efforts and diversity programs.It is the worlds fourth-largest food and beverage company and is staking its claim as the global leader in convenience foods and beverages. PepsiCo has a strong plan to continue to blast with an enormous lineup of convenience foods and drinks that provide coarse taste, nutrition and fun around the clock.Here is the list of Pepsi Co faults and crossroads.Mirinda, 7UP (International), Pepsi Limn, Kas, Teem, Pepsi Max, Pepsi Light, Starbucks Doubleshot (Partnership), Starbucks Doubleshot, Energy (Partnership) Starbucks Iced Coffee (Partnership), Tropi buma Twister, and Mountain Dew. mannequin of Consumer BehaviorConsumer makes many a(prenominal) defileing decision every day. Many large companies do some(prenominal)(prenominal) enquiry roug hly consumer nurtureing decision in great detail to answer questions what go out customer buy, w here(predicate) they buy, how over oftentimes they, when they buy and why they volition buy those product. According to Principles of Marketing, Kotler (2008) Consumer Buyer Behavior refers to the buying behavior of final exam consumer which atomic bite 18 individuals and ho put onholds who buy goods and operate for personal consumptions. The stainless final consumer combines to make a consumer market.Many big companies did a lot of merchandise effort to thread the consumer to buy their product. For example, Pepsi Company. The company did a lot of marketing effort to attract the consumer such as advertising, survey, promotion and apply the 4 Ps to make the consumer sensible about their product.The question here is, how did the consumer respond to the various marketing effort that Pepsi company use? Model of buyer behavior consist of Marketing and an other(a)(prenominal) sti muli, Buyers black box and Buyer Responses. Marketing and other stimuli will enter the consumers black box and produce certain responses. So marketers lease to figure out what is in the buyers black box.Marketing stimuli consist of the Four Ps which argon Product, Price, Place and Promotions. Other stimuli included major forces and tear downts in the buyers environment such as economic, technological, political and pagan. All the inputs will enter the buyers black box, where they be turned into a set of observable buyer responses. Under buyer responses there are product choice, brand choice, dealer choice, purchase timing and purchase amount.Consumers do not make their decisions in a void. Their purchases are highly influenced by cultural social, personal, and psychological factors. Here many of that influence the behavior or the particular marketCultural FactorCultural factor divided into three torpedo factors last, Sub Culture, Social Class. Culture is the set of basic val ues perceptions, wants, and behaviors learned by a member of society from family and other important institutions.Culture is the most basic cause of a persons wants and behavior. Every sort or society has a culture, and cultural influences on buying behavior may vary greatly from country to country.Based on the slip of paper study, we are doing a Pepsi brands in Malaysia. Malaysia has many races of people such as Malay, Chinese, Indian and many more. Now days many people choose to drink Pepsi because it is Halal and did not contain any alcohol. It is because most culture in Malaysia did not allowed them to drink alcohol. So for stripling of adult who suffernot drink an alcohol drink, they gage choose to drink Pepsi.Other than that, now day culture in Malaysia more shift towards greater name about wellness and fitness. This had brought a lot of huge industry for health fitness services, more natural foods and variety of diets. So for Pepsi company which serve indulgent drinks, they had come with a new products known as Pepsi Max which has less sugar and gas to fulfill the new culture of Malaysian people.Sub Culture is a group of people with shared value systems based on common life experiences and situations. Each culture contains petty(a)er bomber cultures a group of people with shared value system based on common life experiences and situations. Sub culture includes nationalities, religions, racial group and geographic regions.Many sub culture make up important market segments and marketers often design products. For Pepsi company, sub culture is very important in influencing the consumer to buy their products. They need to stain consumer based on their nationalities, religions, racial group and geographic regions. For nationalities, Pepsi must aware about any country that did not allowed their people to run soft drinks.For example, India. They had one time ban Pepsi in their country because of the sugar contain in Pepsi. According to Marketing, K otler (2008), Many subcultures make up important market segments, and marketers often design products and marketing programs tailored to their needs. Pepsi should not make an advertisement which stick out touch the sensitiveness of any religions, nationalities and others.Social Class Almost every society has some exercise of social structure, social classes are societys relatively permanent and ordered divisions whose members share similar values, interests and behavior. Social class did not determined by a atomic number 53 factors such as incomes, but it measured as a combination of occupation, income, education, wealth, and other variables. Marketers are interested in social class because people at heart given social class tend to exhibit similar buying behavior.Social FactorsA consumers behavior in addition is influenced by social factors, such as the Groups, Family, Roles and status. Groups are two or more people who interact to accomplish individual or mutual goals. A per sons behaviors are influenced by many small groups. Groups that have a direct influence and to which a person belongs are called membership groups. Some are primary groups includes family, friends, neighbours and coworkers. Some are secondary groups, which are more formal and have less regular interaction.These include physical compositions like religious groups, professional association and trade unions. For groups, it is much easier for Pepsi to attract them to buy their products. Because a single member of the groups can influences almost all the group member to follow them. For example, a leader in one group can influenced the members to buy Pepsi as part of the group activities.Family members can strongly influence buyer behavior. The family is the most important consumer buying organization society and it has been researched extensively. Marketers are interested in the roles, and influence of the husband, wife and children on the purchase of different products and services. I n this social class, Pepsi need to tar constrict the children because they are the people who will consume more Pepsi. save of cause they will ask their parents to buy the products. So Parents is the customer and Children is the consumer.Roles and Status is a person belongs to many groups, family, clubs, organizations. The persons position in each group can be defined in terms of both role and status. For example, Mdm Airis plays the role of Mother, in her family she plays the role of wife, and in her company, she plays the role of manager. A Role consists of the activities people are expected to perform according to the persons around them.Personal FactorsPersonal factors consists of Age and life cycle stage, Occupation, Economic situation, flavor Style, and genius and self concept.Age and Life cycle Stage is People changes the goods and services they buy over their lifetimes. Tastes in food, clothes, furniture, and recreation are often age related. Buying is similarly shaped b y the stage of the family life cycle. Here Pepsi cannot target the all age of people to buy their products. They should target consumer from children, to teenagers and finally the adults. Because nowdays many people concern about their health. So they will try to avoid any soft drinks that have a lot of sugar and gas. This will affect their health.Occupation is a persons occupation affects the goods and services bought. Blue collar workers tend to buy more rugged work clothes, whereas white-collar workers buy more business line suits. A Company can even specialize in making products needed by a given occupational group. Thus, computer software companies will design different products for brand managers, accountants, engineers, lawyers, and doctors.From here we can conclude that only working people can purchase Pepsi products. But not every one of them will purchase Pepsi. So Pepsi need to harness a thing or a person to influence them. For example, advertisement is the best tools t o influence them or for parents, children are their best factors to influence them to buy Pepsi products.Economic situation is a persons economic situation will affect product choice. Life Style is a persons Pattern of living, understanding these forces involves measuring consumers major AIO dimensions. For example, activities such as Work, hobbies, shopping, support. Other than that interest, Food, fashion, family recreation and opinions about themselves, strain, ProductsPersonality and Self concept each persons distinct personality influence his or her buying behavior. Personality refers to the unique psychological characteristics that lead to relatively consistent and lasting responses to ones own environment.Psychological FactorsPsychological factors consist of Motivation, Perception, Learning, Beliefs and attitudes Motivation.Motive drives a need that is sufficiently force per unit area to direct the person to seek satisfaction of the need.Perception, The process by which peo ple select, Organize, and interpret cultivation to form a meaningful picture of the world. Learning is Changes in an individuals behavior arising from experience.Beliefs and attitudes. Belief is a descriptive thought that a person holds about something Attitude, a Persons consistently favorable or unfavorable paygrades, feelings, and tendencies towards an object or idea.Marketing Research TechniqueINTRODUCTIONAccording to Malhotra (1996), Market Research can be defined as a key element within the total field of marketing information. Its links the consumer, customer and public to the market through information which is to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems generate, refine and evaluate marketing actions dapple improved the understanding of marketing as a process and of the ways in which specific marketing activities can be made more effective. This is for the reason that its always incorporates some form of the information collection whether it is secondary research (often referred to as desk research) or primary research which is collected direct from a answerer.While based on the case study we know that Pepsi Co is one of the most famous company that produce soft drink and some other product. Subsequently to get the information about Pepsi Co we need to do the market research so that we will know how far the customer or consumer is satisfied with the Pepsi product as well. This is because without the market research they might be tough for Pepsi Co to know about the level of satisfaction of their customer towards their product that has been produce by them. Consequently to get the work become more efficient we will follow the step on market research which is the first step is we will apply the web rank method to get the first condition and perception about the Pepsi Co.This is because through the web site method we will get extra information such as the impression, background, financial and so on about the Pepsi Co. Next we will ma ke some preparation on preparing the questionnaire about Pepsi Co which is in the questionnaire include some of the question about how society get know about the Pepsi Co and how much they spend to buy Pepsi product.On top of that the 20 sheet of questionnaire has been distributed towards the people around the Kuala Lumpur Convention Center (KLCC) which is the trendiest place that all people knew bout it. The data analysis will analyze by 20 people around there with the different age and occupation. Finally the data that has been collected will be prepared and presented in the best way.Primary data collection can be considered as one of the extra sources because is needed when a researcher cannot find the data needed in secondary sources. Market researchers are interested in primary data about demographic, socioeconomic, characteristics, attitudes or opinions or interests, awareness or knowledge, intentions, motivation, and behavior. Three basic means of obtain by primary data are o bservation, surveys, and experiments. The choice will be influenced by the nature of the problem and by the availability of time and money.SURVEYAccording to Business Dictionary.com (2009), Survey can be defined as the collection of data from a given world for the reason of analysis of a particular issue. Data that frequently collected from a sample of a population, knows as a sample of survey. As we already informed surveys is one of the ways that are utilise widely in research, especially in market research to find some information or any feedback from others towards some product.Besides that there have 4 grammatical cases of survey which is include personal interview, self-administrated surveys, telephone interviews and direct observation. In order to collect the information of Pepsi Co we were applying 2 types of survey which is personal interview and self administrated surveys which are made by us as well.Personal InterviewAccording to Business Dictionary.com (2009), Persona l Interview can be defined as a market research technique for gathering information through face to face while contact with individuals. Personal interviews take place in a variety of place like settings-in homes, at shopping malls, in a business station and so forth.One of the personal interviews is face-to face interviews which is this interview are conducted between a market researcher and a respondent. Then the data is collected on a survey. Some surveys are very rigid or structured and use closed questions. So that the data is easy to compared with others. Further about face-to-face interviews is more in strength, and depend upon more open forms of questioning. The research will investigate and develop points of interest.While based on the case study, we were takes place in KLCC to do the research up about the Pepsi Co which is the trendiest area in the Kuala Lumpur. We chose this place because on a daily basis there is more people visit that place and most of them are from p eople around the Malaysia. Consequently we use the face to face interview because easy to get feedback from them and we can get the information on the spot. On top of that Pepsi Co can get directly more explanation from them because they can through out what they felt about the product that has been produced by Pepsi Co.Self-Administrated SurveysA self-administrated survey is one in which the respondent completes the survey on his or her. While as we know Questionnaires are ordinarily printed on idea, but they might be in other ways like programmed into computer and places on the internet and ask for the respond. However, Self-administrated questionnaires present a contend to the marketing researcher because they really on the efficiency of the written word rather than the skills of the interviewer.Self-administrated surveys are attractive because they are low in cost, and they avoid interviewer evaluation apprehension or worry. While based on the case study, when we do the surve y about Pepsi Co we would just used pen and a paper to make the survey complete. Instead of that the people that has been ask for complete the survey questionnaire will directly respond on the questionnaire. Consequently we can get the dissolver of the information directly of the questionnaire which is has been complete by the respondent.Telephone InterviewsTelephone interviews also can be consider as one of the techniques that can be make to make our survey complete which is telephone interviews is also one of the key under the survey method. Telephone interview can be defined as an interview that gathers information through telephone contact with individuals. This means that the interviewers will call their respondent to get the feedback or respond from their customers. As a topic the information that gathers would help us as well to make changes towards our product that has been survey.Direct MailWhile surveys also can be made by using the direct dismount which is the intervi ewers will send the questionnaire through the email so that the respondent can give the feedback form there using the mail responded .Example like company A which is the interviewer and in order to evaluate their performance towards society they will try to make and Direct mail interview which is they will send some question that will be in questionnaire and may be might ask about their company services that has been provided to society and they will sent the questionnaire to Company B which the interviewee.On this cases the company will receive the questionnaire form in direct mail from the Company B. So as the respondent Company B will return the answer also in mail form which is they will send back to Company A done this method its give lots of pros towards the company which is can save cost in order to prepared the questionnaire because through the direct mail its the company can save costOBSERVATIONThe market research technique is not just only based on the survey method, this is because Observation also one of the method that can be used to collect the information on the level of satisfaction towards Pepsi product. Observation can be easily defined as the systematic process of recording the behavioral patterns of people, object and occurrences without questioning or otherwise communicating with them. Observations can be divide into two types which is having as kind observation and mechanical observation. As a Marketing Research officer for Pepsi Co we were use both types of observation to know what behavior of people or society towards the Pepsi Product.Observation as a methodical process of recording the behavioral patterns of people, objects and event without questioning or else communicating with them. Observation can be divides into two types which are as the chart show above two types of observation is Human observation and Mechanical observation which is can be implementing by Pepsi Co in order to bring out their customers.Human ObservationHuman observation can be defined as self explanatory, using human being valuers to collect data in the study. We can do the observation by human observation. It means that we use human as the observers which is we can just run into and interpret what they do, what feeling are they, or else from their body languages. We can know what their feel now such as happy, enjoy, bored and so forth towards the product of Pepsi.Other than that through the human observation the best technique that can be implement by the Pepsi Co to evaluate their customer feelings is through seventh cranial nerve reaction of the customer which is can be in their smiles, raised eyebrows an head nods as well. As a result we can automatically analyze how the customer sense towards the product of the Pepsi. Besides that Pepsi Co also can used the direct observation in order to observe the customer of their product. Which is they can straightly observe the customer behavior towards the Pepsi productMechanical Observa tionMechanical observation involves using various types of machines in order to gather the information, data, which is then interpreted by researchers. On a daily basis we are already know that with the continuing improvements in technology, there are lots of mechanical ways that can be used in order to capturing data in observation studies however, these new gadgets tend to be extremely expensive. The most commonly used and least expensive means of mechanically gathering data in an observation study is a video camera. A video camera offers a much more precise means of collecting data than what can simply be recorded by a human observer.Based on the case study we know that in order to observe the customer we can implement the other ways which is like Mechanical Observation as a Marketing Research Officer we try to look forward on the ways of implementing the mechanical observation this is because they will make our work become more easily with the observation for employees or custom ers of the Pepsi Co. Otherwise Pepsi Co can used the CCTV which is to get the information without knowing by other people. Example that can be stated at here is like Pepsi Company in order to observe their employees in all departments like marketing department, chemical department which is this entire department were play and important role while producing and made the product Pepsi.Consequently we can see the action that shows by them is humble, lazy, and friendly and so forth. Indirectly, Pepsi Co can manage or take an action towards the employee which is not performing effective and efficient towards their work. Other than that we also can used the Video in order to observe the behavioral of the customer while the purchase the Pepsi product and we can see how they felt either satisfy or not which the number of purchase.ConclusionWhile based on my point of view the conclusion that can be made at here is survey is a type of research which is comparatively costly, because it require s a staff of interviewers, but it provides the best opportunity to obtain information through probing for clearer explanations. Consequently, we can know what people in KLCC feel about the Pepsi product. This is because the respondent can tell us what they feel. Ultimately, we can know either they satisfy or not about the performance of the Pepsi product or not. Besides that the personal style (tone of voice, rewording of a question) and biases of each interviewer can affect how the participants respond and how the responses are recorded. As a result, we can get information from our recorded such as from video recorded. While from mechanical observation, we must spend more time to get the information. At the same times, we cannot observe the feeling of people in this campus because we cannot ask then but just take their photo or video. On the whole, for us, survey is the best technique to use early on in the research process when the researcher is not yet sure which questions need t o be asked, because new and better questions can come out of the dialogue.SWOT ANANLYSISIntroductionAccording to Businessdictionary.com (2009), secondary data is an existing primary data that was collected by someone else or for a answer other that the current one. It depending on whether the data come from inside and outside the organization needing to research. In secondary data, it divided into two parts of sources such as internal and external secondary data. Internal secondary data are data that have been collected and exits inside the business firm or other organization. External secondary data is data from outside that firm.According to Business Dictionary.com (2009) SWOT is a tool that identifies the strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of an organization. Specifically, SWOT is a basic, straightforward model that assesses what an organization can and cannot do as well as its potential opportunities and threats. The method of SWOT analysis is to take the informa tion from an environmental analysis and separate in into internal such as strengths and weaknesses and external issues such as opportunities and threats. Once this is completed, SWOT analysis determines what may assist the firm in accomplishing its objectives, and what obstacles must be overcome or minimized to achieve desire result.Based on case study, to be comes a strong business strategy, Pepsi Co can used SWOT analysis that helped it become stronger competitor in other way Pepsi Co must identify which is their strength, weakness, opportunity and threat?SWOT Analysis of PEPSI CoThe Pepsi Company is a leading manufacture, distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, in the world. Pepsi has a strong brand name and brand portfolio. Business-week and Interbrain, a branding consultancy, recognize Pepsi as one the leading brand in their top 100 global brand ranking in 2006. The business week-interbrain value Pepsi $67,000 million in 2006. Pepsi ranks wel l ahead of its close competitor Coco-Cola which has a ranking of 22 having brand value $12,690 million the companys strong brand value facilitates customer opine and allows Pepsi to penetrate markets. On the other hand, the company is threatened by intense competition which could have an adverse impact on the company market share.Strengths healthy brands allow the company to introduce brand extension such as Pepsi max, Pepsi Cola, Pepsi Twist, Pepsi Diet, Pepsi Light over the year the company has made large investments in brand promotion. Consequently, Pepsi is one of the best recognized global brands. The companys strong brand value facilitates customer recall and allows Pepsi to penetrate new market and consolidate existing ones.Pepsi has been a complex part of world culture for a very long time and they take a good qualities control of their product by take important on qualities processes n also procedures to maintain their customer satisfaction. They have a unique product imag e and the products image is loaded with over-romanticizing and this is an image many people have taken deeply to heart. The Pepsi image is displayed on T-shirts, hats and collectible memorabilia and many more.This extremely recognizable branding is one of Pepsis greatest strengths. It allows them to conduct business on a global scale while at the same time maintain a local approach. The bottling companies are locally owned and operated by independent business people who are authorized to sell product of the Pepsi Company. Because Cola does not have outright ownership of its bottling network, its main source of tax is the sale of concentrate to its bottlers.WeaknessesWeaknesses for any business need to be both minimized and monitored in order to effectively achieve productive and efficiency in their business activities, Pepsi have no exception. Even though domestic business as well as many international market are thrive volumes in Latin America were up 12%, Pepsi has recently repo rted some decliners in unit case volumes in Indonesia and Thailand due to shrivel up consumer get post. According to an article in Fortune magazine, in Japan, unit case sales fell 3% in the second quarter of 1998. Consequently we can determine the Pepsi Weakness which is can be improve and can be make sure that in future they will never happened again.Besides that, Pepsi on the other side has effects on the teeth which is an issue for health care. It also has got sugar by which continuous drinking of Pepsi may cause health problem. Being addicted to Pepsi also is a health problem, because drinking of Pepsi daily has an effect on your body after few years. Because its contain chemicals which could cause cancer, damage the nervous and reproductive system and reduce bone mineral density. Such negative publicity could adversely impact the companys brand image and the demand for Pepsi product. This could also have an adverse impact on the companys growth prospects in the internationa l marketNegative publicityThe company received negative publicity during family line 2006.The Company was accused by the Center for Science and Environment (CSE) of selling products containing pesticide residues that contained a hazardous pesticide residue. These pesticides included chemicals which could cause cancers, damage the nervous and reproductive systems and reduce bone mineral density. Such negative publicity could adversely impact the companys brand image and the demand for Pepsi products. This could also have an adverse impact on the companys growth prospects in the international markets.OpportunitiesBrand recognition is the significant factor affecting Pepsis competitive position. Pepsis brand name is known well throughout 94% of the world today. Its mean that the primary concern over the past few years has been to get this name brand to be even better known. encase changes have also affected sale and industry positioning, but in general, the public has tended not to b e affected by new products. Pepsi bottling system also allows the company to take advantage of infinite growth opportunities around the world. This strategy gives Pepsi the opportunity to service a large geographic, diverse area.Pepsi is such an experienced tendinous global company, which has a basic of a great fund. So it has the ability to place an idle sum of money to the promotion. We can see that the advertisement of Pepsi-Cola is so attractive. It also invited the top famous people to advertise for it. The advertisement is so elaborate and attractive so that Pepsi gained the special prize of the advertisement Granny.ThreatsCurrently the threat of new viable competitors in the carbonated soft drink industry is not very substantial. The threat of substitutes however is a very real threat. The soft drink industry is very strong, but consumers are not necessarily married to it. Possible substitutes that continuously put pressure on both Pepsi and bump include tea, coffee, juices , milk, and hot chocolate, even thought Coco-Cola and Pepsi control nearly 40% of the entire beverage market, the changing health-consciousness of the market could have a serious affect.Of course, both Coke and Pepsi have already diversified into these markets, allowing them to have further significant market shares and offset any losses incurred due to fluctuations in the market. Consumer buying power also represents a key threat in the industry. The rivalry between Pepsi and Coke has produce a very slow moving industry in which management must continuously respond to the changing attitudes and demands of their consumer or face losing market share to the competition. In addition, consumer can easily switch to other beverages with detailed cost or consequence.Intense competitionPepsi competes in the nonalcoholic beverages segmen

Computers: Past, Present And Future :: Information Technology

I have been using computers for as long as I can remember, whether it is for entertainment use or work use, computers are part of our bothday lives. They have an effect on almost everything you do. When you buy groceries at a supermarket, a computer is uesed with laser and barcode technology to scan the wrong of each item and present a total. Barcoding items (clothes, food and discs ) requires a computer to generate the barcode labels and maintain the inventory. Most televison advertisiments and many films use graphics produced by a computer. In hospitals, bedide terminals connected to the hospitals main computer allow doctors to typw in orders for blood tests and to schedule operations. Banks use computers to lool after their customers m cardinaly. In libraries and bookshops, computers can help to find the book you want as quikly as possible. This has not always been the case though computers did not always exist, and are continuously changing to this day. I think one group s aid it best, Companies promote it for their employees. Parents demand it for their children. Those who have it believe they have a competitive edge. Those who dont have it seek it out. It is a computer. We are rapidly fair a computer society Until recently computers were found only in environmentally controlled rooms behind locked doors. Only computer professionals dared enter these secured premises. In channel today computers are found in millions of homes and just about every office. In fact there is a computer for one in every eight people in the world. Eventually all of us will have at least one computer and will use it every day for work and leisure.-EYAL POLAD, YARON TWENA, DORON FREIBERG, and GILAT ELIZOV.Role of Computers in the PastThere is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home. Ken Olson, president, chairman and hold of Digital Equipment Corp., 1977First GenerationAlmost everything invented or created, has one specific person who has been credited with th eir invention or creation, but this is not so with the computer. many people throughout history have added their part to the computer. This could include programs to help the computer run better or faster, some created different kinds of computers, but either way they contributed to the computer we know today. The first computer was developed in 1936 by Konrad Zuse and was named Z1.

Shooting an Elephant Essay -- Analysis, George Orwell

In his essay, shoot an Elephant, George Orwell illustrates his experiences as a British police officer, and reflects it to the nature of imperialism. He hates his job as a police officer in Moulmein because an anti-European feeling was very bitter due to British Empires dictatorship in Burma. Therefore, Orwell, a white worldly concern is being treated disrespectfully by the Burmese which allows him to hate his job and British Empire, the root of everything. However, the incident of shooting of an elephant gives him a better glimpse of the rattling nature of imperialism the real motives for which despotic government act (13). In order to express the effects of imperialism, Orwell illustrates this enlightening incidence by using various dictions, rhetorical devices, sentence structures, and generating appropriate tone and mood (13). From his experiences and feelings of living under imperialism, Orwell efficiently shows the terrible effects of imperialism.With the usage of suitable dictions in his essay, Orwell excellently conveys the message and feelings that he is trying to get across. He often uses the word natives for the Burmese Here was I, the white man with his gun, standing in front of the unarmed native campaign (15). By doing so, he shows his emotions and respect to the Burmese because by calling them natives signifies that they are the true owner of Burma and not the British Empire. Also, by using this diction ofttimes in the essay, Orwell reminds his readers the existence of imperialism in Burma so that the readers do not just hang on to the elephant but also get the message incorporated in the essay. The body of an elephant is compared with the machine as Orwell thinks, it is comparable to destroying a huge and ... ...evastation in society. Thus, George Orwell successfully sends the message of imperialism to his audience by using various styles in his essay, Shooting an Elephant. According to the topic of his essay, his main audiences are the y outh, adults, and politicians as imperialism is more concern with them. According to his as a police officer, he teaches his reader that imperialism is the worst guidance to govern a country as it is harmful to individuals way of thinking and value of morality in society. Orwell achieves this outstandingly by working out with rhetorical devices, dictions, and sentence structure to generate the feeling in the audience the way he wishes to be. Also, to hold and his readers through his essay, he bring up appropriate tone and mood. In result, Orwell excellently uses the incident of killing an elephant to describe the effects of imperialism.

Julius Caesar :: essays research papers

Julius Caesar was born on the thirteenth day of the month Quintilis in the year of 100 BC. His full name was Gaius Julius Caesar, the same as his novices. Gaius was his given name and Julius was his surname. He was a strong political and military leader who changed the history of the Greco-Roman world. This paper will answer the following questions What happened during his ahead of time political career? How did he become a strong dictator of the Roman Empire? What events led up to the making of the first triumvirate? What happened during his reign as dictator of Rome? What events led up to his assassination? Julius Caesar is probably the most famous leader in history. (Grant, table of dates p.1, and foreword p.xxi)When he was young, Caesar lived through iodin of the worst decades in the history of Rome. The city was assaulted and captured by Roman armies twice. First, in eighty-seven BC by the leaders of the populares. (Caesars aunt and uncle, Marius and Cinna.) Cinna was killed the year that Caesar conjoin Cornelia. The second attack against the city happened in eighty-two BC. Marius enemy Sulla, leader of the optimates, carried out the attack. On each occasion the massacre of political opponents was followed by the arrogation of their property. (Fowler, p.24)Caesar knew that his public speaking needed improvement, he therefore announced that he was leaving to study on the island of Rhodes. His professor was the famous Greek rhetorician, Apollonius Molon. When he was remove the coast of Anatolia pirates kidnapped him. They demanded a large ransom for his return. Caesar broke free from the pirates and captured a large number of them. He then returned to Rome to engage in a normal political career. (Grant, p.9-11)In the Roman political world Pompey and Crassus challenged the dominance of the optimates. Quintus Latatius Catulus and Lucius Licinius Lucullus led the optimates. Sulla was responsible for creating their careers. Caesar married Pompeia after Co rnelias death. Then, in sixty-five BC he was appointed aedile. The aedile was in charge of the programs of the city such as games, spectacles, and shows. As aedile, Caesar gained claim to the leadership of the populares. (Grant, p.12)Before leaving Rome to govern Spain for a year, Caesar disassociate his wife because of an allegation that she had been involved in the offense of Publis Clodius. Clodius was awaiting trial for breaking into Caesars home the previous December.

Eminem :: essays papers

Eminem In like Eminem distinguishs, why all the fuss? featured in The Age diary keeper Shaun Carney defends Eminem and his lyrics. Carny stresses that Eminem winning the category should not be so controversial when Mathers is clearly depicting a role. His contention through out the article is to convince the reader to refrain from reaching to eminem, as a parody. Carny effectively seeks the neutral role during the story. He leans neither way. Carny signifies specific word choice and language devices to shock his hearing and to create an underlying sense of non-prejudice, realistic hear on society perhaps to open up the views of a small-minded prejudice race. Carnys publicise is very striking it creates tension and almost gives a sense of obligation to the audience to read on. Carneys headline is used as a device to ictus the readers immediate attention. This foreshadows the final remark made by Carny, so much for scandal, now leaving the reader with a question , a paral lel between start and finish tightly constructing the article. This clever technique leaves the reader open handed and open-minded to think about the actual topic of the article. Though Carnys contention through-out the article is to suggest Eminem is Just Joking, he is not all, scargond of presenting Marshall as not so nice explaining him as a 28 year old production of a peripatetic white-trash upbrining. Then contradicting himself saying Mathers all wounded and victimised by his sole-parent upbrining . Is this not a lithe use of sarcasm? putting himself in the biased head of an out reaged parent. Carney conveys his opinion in a very structured way. He uses Eminem song lyrics to plant that he is a role player and only joking, Im just playin ladies. You know I love you. Carney uses other examples to reassure people say the situations he raps about are just clownin. Although readers may not realise, Carney these more realistic, human-like comments as a source of evidence to ba ck up his contention that eminem are not real, Marshall Mathers is an actor playing a role, ultimately just doing his job.Carneys clever style of writing indicates a strong point of view defending Eminem , but his style of writing has allowed the reader to make their own decision, giving a fair balance between good and bad. Eminem deals in roughly very sick stuff, no doubt about it, but again goes on to say, Eminem is a skillfull storyteller and role player.

News Events in Television History :: essays papers

News Events in Television HistoryNews Events in the History of TV In chronicling the past 50 years of telly, the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences includes many clips from historical events that were carried on television. Including these news events is appropriate to the history of television because the orgasm of this technology brought the nation and world together in times of tragedy and joy via the global village created by this spiritualist. The events that changed our world also changed the world of television. It can be argued that it is non necessary to include world events when discussing the history of television, simply because they were not created for television, precisely television created programming to include it, but this is a narrow-minded view of the medium that is television. The fact that the entire world was able to be brought together and be educated ab out(a) world news at the same time was a revolutionary thing. Rather than television cha nging the course of human events, human events changed the direction in which television programming was headed. Prior to television, people found out about happenings through word of mouth, or newspapers at best. This new media source brought a sense of immediacy to current events. The inclusion of the assassination of John F. Kennedy in the montage from the Emmy awards shows a critical turning point in television news. Prior to this event, news on television was not as important to citizens because slide fastener so monumental had been broadcast that affected as many people. This changed the basis of television news from small, local, everyday events, to coverage of worldwide occurrences that had a deep stir on everyone. Some may argue that these news events should not have been included in such(prenominal) a short montage of the history of television. Clips from such events as the Vietnam War and the crash of the space shuttle Challenger were not part of television. They were part of the military history and NASA, respectively. Simply because they were broadcast on television does not make them part of television history. Television began as an entertainment medium, and continues to entertain as a primary function. The broadcast of news events is part of television, but should not be considered so important as to be included in such a compact history.